Commonwealth of Novanglia Novanglia Timeline: An Honorable Retelling | ||||||
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Motto: Ad potentiam maneo, ad agilitatem pervenio "To ability I remain, to agility I obtain" |
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Anthem: God Defend Novanglia |
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Location of Novanglia (green)
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Capital (and largest city) | Hawkinsville | |||||
Other cities | Ysiria City, New Bristol, Mount Sheffield, New Chester | |||||
Official languages | English • Novanglian Gaelic | |||||
Other languages | Castilian • Scots • Bulgarian • Italian • Welsh • Toba Qom | |||||
Ethnic groups | 79.6% White/European 14.8% Black/African 5.3% Mixed race/indigenous 0.3% Others |
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Demonym | Novanglian | |||||
Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy | |||||
- | Queen | Anne I | ||||
- | Prefect | Sir Nigel Phillips | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Diane Morgan | ||||
Legislature | Parliament | |||||
- | Upper house | Senate | ||||
- | Lower house | House of Commons | ||||
Establishment | ||||||
- | Formation of the Novanglia Colony | August 24, 1615 | ||||
- | Formation of the Dominion of Novanglia | April 21, 1810 | ||||
- | Independence from Henryland | May 27, 1948 | ||||
Population | ||||||
- | 2021 estimate | 97,520,629 | ||||
Currency | Novanglian pound (£) (NVP ) |
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Date formats | dd/mm/yy | |||||
Drives on the | left | |||||
Calling code | +54 |
Novanglia, officially the Commonwealth of Novanglia is a country located on the southern part of Muqaddas. It borders with Puelmapu to the south, Antartique to the east, and with Al-Bayd and New Dover to the north. It is a federal state which consists of 15 provinces and one autonomous district, the capital and largest nation of Hawkinsville. Since its creation, it has remained a prominent power in the region and one of the richest countries on the continent.
Human presence in modern-day Novanglia can be traced to the Paleolithic period. The Inca Empire colonized some portions now in the country's northwest. European colonization of the region began in 1548, but the area began to be considered geographically important to England in the 1610s, with the establishment of the first official settlement on the continent. The Second Great War caused the English monarchy to re-locate in the not far colony of Henryland, causing trouble within the population of the colony. In 1810, partial independence from Henryland was achieved after a small revolt led by José de San Martín. During the 19th and 20th centuries Novanglia became the most profitable colony in the entire realm. In 1946 and during the ministry of Joseph Peron, the current Commonwealth of Novanglia was established, with the Prime Minister and Prefect gaining more prominence. Unlike other countries, Novanglia did not have economic troubles for most of its history, but the nation was struck by conflict on the Great Muqaddian War where Novanglia fought most of its neighbours. Prime Minister Paul McCartney abolished the Prefect’s Commission on Electoral Activities in 1983.
The country has gone through several migrations coming mainly from Europe, such as the Scottish Migration of 1788 that resulted in the creation of Novanglian Gaelic, a unique language which is mostly spoken in the province of New Lancashire. Among the cultural diversity of Novanglia there are those of Castilian, French, Italian, Bulgarian and Rhomanian ancestry.
Novanglia is a parliamentary and liberal democracy. It is a developed country and a regional power, part of the Henrylandic Commonwealth and the League to Enforce Peace. It is considered one of the main powers of the Western World alongside the United States and Russia.
Etymology[]
The name Novanglia comes from the combination of the world "Novus" (Latin for "New") and "Anglia" (The Latin name for England).
The first use of the name is credited to Sebastian Cabot, a Neapolitan explorer who made several voyages to the continents of Columbia and Muqaddas under the commission of King Henry VIII of England. In the year 1615, the name became official thanks to the declaration of the Novanglia Colony.
History[]
Pre-colonial history (before 1548)[]
The earliest traces of human life in the area now known as Novanglia can be dated from the Paleolithic period. Before the period of European colonization, Novanglia was populated by a big number of diverse cultures with very different social organizations.
The best known to conquer parts of the current territory of the nation are the Incas and the Mapuches. The Mapuches covered much of the south of the territory, even reaching Lake Hawkins, while the Incas occupied the northern areas of the provinces of Biruvia and Yorksborough. Another very important Pre-European people were the Guarani, who inhabited both sides of the Ysiria River.
First Colonial Era (1548-1810)[]
At the beginning of the 16th century, Mali had its naval capacities weakened in the aftermath of the Pilgrim Crusades, allowing for the wealthy lands in southern Muqaddas to become accessible to Europeans without fear of Malian interception. News of the economic wealth of the zone would not take long to reach Europe, this would cause great interest in England, which was already in the process of exploring parts of the Columbian continent, would send various expeditions to Muqaddas.

Portrait of John Hawkins
The first English voyage to arrive in Novanglia would be in 1548, resulting in the establishment of the colony of New Oxford in the following year. In an attempt to compete with the French for the Novanglia River (called Nouvelle Terre Rivière by the French), the following expansion attempts would head north. In the year 1555, John Hawkins made an expedition to the entire eastern coast of Muqaddas, finally disembarking in what would later be called Hawkinsville in his honor.
By the 1610s, most of the territory had already been settled by the English, the Novanglia Colony would be officially formed in August 24, 1615. Over the years, migration to the colony would increase, apart from the English, people from Wales would also take an interest in settling in the territory to escape from the English rule on the British Isles. Around the province of New Oxford, many towns would be formed with Welsh-inspired architecture. The colony would quickly become one of the most prosperous in the English colonial empire, and its resources would be crucial to the empire's trade, "The Silver Route" would be formed, a trade route that set sail from Hawkinsville, passed through Henryland and the Sea of the King, to finally reach England. The Novanglian "Máte" is a herbal drink, presented to the English by the Guaraníes, an indigenous group that inhabited the province of Ysiria, that slowly became the most popular drink in the English Empire. The Nadezhda, which comprised of around 203 Bulgarian immigrants, of which 96 had children, set sail from southern Greece in December 1646 and arrived south of Hawkinsville 5 months later, marking the beginning of Bulgarian ancestral influence in Novanglia.
Dispute over the border between the Inca Empire and Novanglia would be present since the first settlements. The tensions would increase when many English colonists would pass from Biruvia to the disputed lands at the south of the Empire, being expelled shortly after. This conflict would start a war between the two empires for control of the territory, ending with an English victory that set the border between the two countries at Lake Titicaca. When the Columbian Revolution began in 1765, some wealthy sectors of Hawkinsville and New Oxford supported the idea of joining the revolution and forming their own democratic nation. In 1774, a disorganized group called "The Cousins of Liberty" made a political protest known as the "New Sussex Máte Party" which unlike the Columbian one, would fail miserably, ending a possible revolt against the English.
In the year 1788, a great famine hit Scotland, causing a mass exodus to Novanglia. The place would be chosen, in addition to the proximity to the colony of New Caledonia, for its climate and lack of population, which would allow the Scots to establish themselves without competing with any other people. Although many Scots would choose the city of Hawkinsville to live, a large majority would come to the newly established province of New Lancashire. Over time, the combination of the English spoken in the area with the language brought from Scotland would result in the creation of Novanglian Gaelic, a language mainly spoken in the mentioned province, with substantial differences from both English and Scottish Gaelic. On August 1804, the French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte invaded England and after a year of fighting, they successfully overthrew the House of Wittelsbach and established Elisa Bonaparte as queen. The English Monarchy fled to Henryland, with the colony becoming the official seat of the monarchy. Novanglia remained loyal to the crown and supported the Henrylandic claim over the English territory. During the Second Great War, Napoleonic forces coming from both Antartique and the Atlantic Sea tried to capture the city of Hawkinsville but were ultimately repelled by the Novanglian army.
First calls for independence (1810)[]

San Martin, the initiator of the process of Novanglian independence.
After the Columbian War of Independence and the Napoleonic takeover England, the desire for self-governing in the colony would begin to become more prominent with the years. The upper class in the capital and metropolitan areas started turning against the Henrylandic rule over Novanglia, most of them saying that the monarchy had already been sufficiently discredited by losing to Napoleon and having to rule in exile from a former colony. On the other hand, many were upset of not being treated as equals by a monarchy that was now located closer to them and was in a similar, even worst, economic situation.
On April 19, 1810, a popular revolt began in Hawkinsville, demanding autonomy from Henryland. The most prominent figure in this movement would be José de San Martin, a Castilian by birth who had moved to the colony. San Martin supported the ideas of independence, however, he also supported the Crown after being strongly influenced while living for a in Tudor Bay. San Martin managed to top the revolt from expanding any further and negotiate with the local government for the creation of the Dominion of Novanglia, a state still dependent on Henryland, but with more autonomy and a new self-sufficient government that would have the Prime Minister as a main head of operations, with the monarch being represented in the Parliament by a Governor-General. William Beresford, an important general that helped the Coalition in the Second Great War became the first Prime Minister of Novanglia, and the only one to be appointed by a monarch rather than by a election.
Second Colonial Era (1811-1947)[]
Early years and first ministries[]

William Wilberforce, fourth Prime Minister of Novanglia
Beresford was succeeded by Home Riggs Popham, a Naval Commander also from the Conservative Party. His poor health by the end of 1819 motivated Popham to leave office, making the recently appointed Governor-General Bernard O'Higgins take his place. O'Higgins, similarly to San Martin, was of Castilian descent, a factor that contributed in his defeat to a formal tenure, instead being replaced by the first ever Liberal Prime Minister, William Wilberforce. Wilberfoce was distinct from his predecessors over the fact that he didn't belong in any military positions, but rather made his name as a politician and Member of the Parliament. He based his political career around the issue of slavery in Novanglia and Henryland, a practice that had been decaying ever since the independence of Columbia, which had the strongest slave-based economy in the English Empire. The overall terrain and geography of the territories also made such a practice unreliable to sustain local economies, slowly driving many away from it. Economic reasons aside, Wilberfoce's main motivation was the moral implications of it, and he would eventually be able to push for the abolition of slavery in all remnants of the English colonial empire.
The last important policy of the Wilberfoce ministry was the abolition of the "Beresford-Wittelsbach System" one that allowed Henrylandic citizens outside of the Dominion to vote on elections. This system allowed for rich aristocrats, mainly from the big cities of Henryland to directly support favorite candidates, most of the time choosing the ones that were more in favor of lesser autonomist reforms.
Early prosperity[]

Painting of the city of Hawkinsville by Paul Cranfield Smyth
The first half of the 19th century would be an extremely prosperous one for the country, as Novanglia started to become richer than Henryland itself, but also the richest territory on the entire continent of Muqaddas. Its capital received the name of "The London of the New World" and would be a place of great migrations from Europe, with a lot of people looking for better opportunities in the colony. Prime Minister John Ogilvy would encourage migration from all over Europe, with emphasis on Scotland, giving a large amount of lands in New Bristol and New Lancashire to people from the places mentioned, only in exchange for settling in Novanglia. Ogilvy, a Scot by birth, hoped and encouraged for the non-English people to rebel against the colony's rule and start a new nation called "Novaledonia" a project that would end up failing and being forgotten. As a result, Ogilvy was voted out in what's considered to be one of the most corrupt elections in the history of the nation, starting a period of Conservative domination of the government and parliament, leading to the reform of the Liberal Party into a new association named Labour.
With the new autonomy of his government, Novanglia would begin to establish international relations with other countries apart from the crown, like the United States and the Netherlands. However, they would continue with the commercial blockade of Napoleonic France and its vassalls, and would not recognize the Grand Confederation of Columbia until 1901. The new international relations would also bring problems to the nation, in 1879, a trading ship from Antartique would be accidentally sunk by the Novanglians, causing a crisis of a few days that was finally resolved by Prime Minister John Abbott. During the 1880s, a conflict broke out with Puelmapu over the delimitation of its southern border. The Mapuches had already repelled many English invasions attempts, so the tension on the border would be considerable for a long time. After one year and six months of war, the border would finally be agreed in the Treaty of Coldtain.
Participation in the Third Great War (1913-1921)[]

Novanglian troops entering Camseau
Novanglia declared war on the Continental System only one day after Henryland, on June 30, 1913. Instantly, the colloquially called "Operation Capybara" began with the invasion of the Antartane territory. Battles would rage on the New Brittany River for several months, until finally a major offensive would be made that would push inland. Alongside this battle, a joint naval blockade would be put into effect, suffocating the economy of the enemy and causing a lack of resources in Antartique. At the time, the nation was at the charge of Billy Hughes, the second Prime Minister part of the Radical Civic Union who would later take a prominent role in the negotiations of peace.
Following the fall of Camseau in 1915, 15,000 Novanglian troops would head to Columbia in the "John Davis Battalion" to fight on the Confederate front. During the signing of peace in 1921, Novanglia would get control of the Antartane territories that bordered the New Britanny River, establishing the provinces of Wellstower, Mocovia, and Astra, also deposing the Napoleonic-Aligned government. What led to the free annexing of these lands was the little French population living in it, despite the many years of colonization. For years colonists had preferred the lands bordering the Atlantic Ocean, as the most eastern territories faced constant attacks from the English, something not compensated by its not friendly climate.
Post-war period (1922-1945)[]
After the large number of deaths in the Third Great War, the Novanglian people started to drift away from the Crown, taking the example of the United States, who defeated the English in a revolutionary war, and then became one of the world's biggest economies. The desire for independence that had stopped in 1810 was now reborn, and the population began to polarize to: the Monarchists, who were in favor of continuing to build a strong industry by securing trade with Henryland and Europe, and the Anti-Monarchy, that claimed that the best thing for the nation was a total break from Tudor Bay, and maintain important trade relations only with the United States.

Prime Minister Isaac Isaacs (1983-1939)
During this period, the Radical Civic Union, a third political party contrary to Conservatives and Liberals that went strongly against the monarchy became extremely popular within the general population. The growth in popularity of the R.C.U. would worry the conservative upper classes that dominated Novanglia, further widening the polarization rift and almost breaking the nation apart. In 1938, Prime Minister Manuel García Prieto (who won election in a very close race to Labour candidate Joseph Lyons) passed away in office, being instantly replaced by his Deputy Prime Minister Isaac Isaacs. The hardly prepared Isaacs brought the greatest economic crisis in the nation's history, mostly thanks to his poor policies but also by the effects of the Great Depression coming from the United States. He was defeated in the elections of November of the following year and his problematic ministry also represented the end of the dominance of the R.C.U. in Novanglia, taking a backseat to the two most important parties for the following years. On June 4, 1936, a peaceful protest would take place in Hawkinsville, with the goal of an independent Novanglian state. This march would be remembered as one of the most important for its political impact, causing the ideas of independence to spread much more through the common public.
Commonwealth of Novanglia (1948-present)[]
Peron's leadership and the early independent period (1948-1965)[]

Joseph Peron in 1947
To succeed Isaacs came the Conservative Arthur Fadden, who won in a landslide thanks to the prior's unpopularity and the general stagnation of the economy. Fadden's tenure was presented with having to deal with the ongoing Fourth Great War, to which he responded by sending a great amount of troops to fight in both Europe and Columbia, angering the population that had little interest in the conflict. By focusing too much on the war, Fadden made little efforts to stop the recession that started under Prieto.
As a result of this and shortly after the end of the war, Joseph Peron won the Novanglian federal elections of 1947. Peron was an openly left-wing politician, who supported the idea of peaceful independence. At the same time, Winston Churchill was serving as the Prime Minister of Henryland, having led the nation through the conflict. Churchill was strongly against the idea of any negotiation for Novanglian independence, instead adopting an offensive position against Peron, even getting to accusing him of being an illegitimate leader. Leaving ideological reasons behind, he was afraid of how the independence of their last prominent dominion would affect his personal reputation, as during the war he had to leave behind the little hopes the monarchy still had of ever returning to their old homeland in England. Despite Churchill's efforts, Peron had gained enough popularity to pressure him into negotiating a peaceful treaty.
After several negotiations that continued for months, on May 27, 1948, the Commonwealth of Novanglia declared its independence, a new sovereign state without Henrylandic influence in its internal politics, but that still recognizes the Monarch of Henryland as head of state. The monarch is represented by the Prefect, previously known as the Prefect. The re-naming of the Prefect originated from a wish to drift away from the former colonizers, instead choosing a latin name with little association to them. Marie Perón, wife of the Prime Minister would be the first Prefect of Novanglia.
Peron's reforms didn't solely focus on autonomy, but with them also came a full restructuring of the electoral system that had been implemented by the original revolt of San Martin. During the negotiation of independence, many minority groups across Novanglia started their own smaller-scale efforts for autonomy or separation from the Commonwealth, to the example Scots and indigenous groups across the northern border. The main reason behind the efforts was that these groups feared how the large anglophone domination of prominent cities would obscure their vote at the national scale. To solve this, the new constitution created the "Prefect’s Commission on Electoral Activities" one similar to the Electoral College system of the historical United States.

A photo of a Novanglian factory in 1951
Followed by the independence and with now full control over the industry. a new period of industrialization would reach Novanglia, with new industries and factories being constructed all over the country. The Novanglian pound was established the as a far stronger currency that would fight against foreign involvement in the economy. Lastly he heavily invested in the finalization of a proposed railroad that would connect all of the territory effectively. In relation to the Cold War, Peron had an unique position compared to other countries in the region, wanting to shift away from both the Germany and the United States; while Germany always had little to do in Muqaddian politics, the relation between Novanglia and the U.S. was strongly formed during this period thanks to Vice President Adlai Stevenson II. This first ministry was succeeded by Jack Lang, who was a philanthropist. During his administration, there were positive improvements in women's rights, as well as the construction of hospitals and schools.
Jack Lang began a series of political, economic and industrial reforms known as the "New Deal" or "New Novanglia" that would bring the greatest period of economic prosperity to the nation. The new industry brought wealth to many rural areas around the provinces, with New Oxford, New Lancashire, and the capital of Hawkinsville becoming the economic hub of the nation, while Yorksborough and Walpole became mainly export provinces. Unlike his predecessor, Lang made big emphasis on international relations, shifting closer to the United States, Russia and the United Commonwealths. He especially supported the "Gates to Heaven" program, which is the colloquial name given to the long route made by English refugees escaping from the Mosley regime, that involved crossing Ireland in order to formally travel to Novanglia.
The supporters of Lang formed the so-called "Lang Labour" faction that had great prominence within the party. Even with his popularity, Lang was defeated in the 1967 election by the Conservative Governor of Rangeland George McGovern, who ran an aggresive campaign that accused him of being "too soft" on relevant issues. McGovern later negotiated the last expansion of the Commonwealth with the addition of Maryland.
Great Muqaddian War (1965-1971)[]
The 1965 attempted coup d'état in Cosimoland started the Great Muqaddian War (1965-1971), a conflict in which from the beginning, Novanglia wanted to remain neutral, only offering military aid to the coalition, and joining the GTO's economic blockade of Suriname. After the Union of England declared its support for Suriname and joined the war in November 1965, the Novanglian government would begin to fear a possible invasion of the Biruvia province, as well as a surprise attack from Puelmapu. Prime Minister George McGovern announced Novanglia's entry into the war on January 17, 1966, starting Operation Mountain Lion.
In response to Operation Mountain Lion, Puelmapu would announce its intervention in the war. The first battles between both nations would take place in the southern Atlantic Ocean, where Novanglia ended up having naval superiority, sinking several Puelmapian ships. The NRN Wilbeerforce became the most prolific ship of the Novaglian naval force, participating in a large number of fights and ending up almost intact by the end of the war.

Flag of the Novanglian Liberation Front
Although Novanglia had the upper hand in the North's ground combat, they would begin to have problems with a far-left socialist guerrilla force called the Novanglian Liberation Front, which was supported by Germany and other Spartacist nations, that began an insurgency in the provinces of Astra, Ysiria and West Ysiria in August 1966, forcing the Novanglian army to split up in order to stop the insurgency. The Battle of Titicaca ended in 1967 as a decisive Novanglian victory, ensuring coalition control over rebelling territories in southern New Dover. In the south, Puelmapu would also lose in the Battle of Chadileufu and the naval Battle of Raleighborough. Not every battle would result in victory for the Novanglian army, as they would also lose in an attempted invasion of Wallmapu in September 1967, due to climatic reasons.
Novanglia would aid Henryland and New Dover in crushing the native Quechua revolt. The Battle of Lettsworth, which lasted 1 year and 2 months, ended in a coalition victory, at the cost of almost 20,000 casualties on its part. Shortly after, the revolt officially capitulated, and the rule of law was reinforced. A few weeks later, Puelmapu also offered to surrender, and the Treaty of Glasgow was signed between the coalition and the Great Alliance.
Aymara Rebellion (1977-1979)[]
The Aymara are an indigenous people that inhabit the Novanglian province of Biruvia and the southern territories of New Dover. Historically, the Aymara had been oppressed and attacked by the English authority in the colony, who tried to push their homeland to the western part of the Drake Mountains, ultimately failing. Attempts to overthrow the English and later Novanglian authorities in the zone were spread among the late 18th century and early 19th century, most of them being relatively disorganized and outnumbered by the colonial army. Joseph Peron, followed later by Jack Lang were in favor of a more friendly treatment to the Aymara and organized several negotiations with local leaders, but these efforts would later be scrapped because of the Great Muqaddian War by Prime Minister George McGovern, causing tensions in the region.

The Novanglian Army in 1978
In November of 1977, a small revolt started in Northern Biruvia, that rapidly expanded across the rest of the province and also to New Dover. Simultaneously, another indigenous revolt started in West Ysiria but was contained after a month. Doug Anthony, who was the Prime Minister at the moment ordered the immediate mobilization of the Novanglian Army, which would be slow because of the exhaustion over the recently ended war. By January of 1978 the small revolt had already turned into a violent rebellion against the Commonwealth. Henryland announced open support for the Novanglian forces in April of 1977, even sending part of the Henrylandic Army to fight in the War. Other strategic allies of Novanglia like the United States and Antartique decided to remain neutral in the conflict.
Advances by the Novanglian military remained slow for the major part of 1977 until October, when a series of strategic measures were deployed by General Sir John Gordon Noel Wilton, progressively forcing the rebels to retreat. The rebellion ended in February of 1979, and most of the Aymara were forcibly relocated south of the Titicaca River. This conflict is considered the most controversial episode in the nation's history, years later Prime Minister P. J. Patterson offered an official apology to the Aymara and Guarani people granting them greater autonomy and official recognition as an indigenous group.
Late 20th and 21st centuries (1979-present)[]
The popularity of the Conservative administration did nothing but decrease over 16 years of pure conflict in the national and international stages. McGovern was almost defeated at his third re-election against the Labour candidate Gough Whitlam, but got great help from the Prefect's Commission, barely winning the province of Wellstower meaning his victory. His successor, Doug Anthony, was also elected in a really close race that left many upset. Opposition to the Commission had been popular ever since 1948, but these two polemic results only helped it get more general support. The members of the Radical Civic Union, who had been uncapable of holding office ever since 1939 supported the initiative of abolishing the system as it would help them win the election more easily, ignoring the established strongholds the other two parties had. On July 9, 1983 the Commission was officially abolished right in time for the next election to develop. Considering the unpopularity of the governing Conservatives, the election was mostly faced between Labour and the Radicals.

Paul McCartney was the first Prime Minister after the end of the P.C.
To supply the latter mentioned's need for a candidate emerged the young Paul McCartney, who easily won the 1983 general election with about 57% of the vote, making him the youngest person to ever be elected to the office. His four ministries (the longest tenure of any Prime Minister) was one of the most prosperous, as after 2 decades of little economic progress he managed to re-establish the nation as the economic power of the continent, with an emphasis on the export of resources such as uranium, lithium, oil and manganese, also pursuing a policy of investment in national infrastructure. His tenure came in a similar time to that of Paul Tsongas in the United States, with whom he had a very good relation in economic but also personal terms. McCartney had great interest in the Novanglian culture and finally gave recognition to the Slavic groups that live in Rangeland. To the disgust of many, he established better relations with the Spartacist World, especially with Germany that was going through the Great Reforms. McCartney greatly helped to the creation of the Muqaddas Economic Community alongside Antartique, Al-Bayd, Henryland, Cosimoland and Crainnia.
McCartney and along him the so-called "Winding Road" were succeeded in 1999 by P. J. Patterson, the first black person to be elected. Patterson was the first Prime Ministers after Joseph Peron who was openly against the existence Henrylandic Commonwealth and Novanglia's participation in it, holding a democratic referendum in hopes of leaving the organization and turning the country into a republic, which ultimately failed. Because of his age and overall unpopularity, Patterson did not seek re-election leading to the victory of Dennis Skinner in 2003. During his second ministry, he completed the negotiations for the creation of the SMCM (Southern Muqaddas Common Market).

Photo of the city of Mount Sheffield after the 2010 Earthquake
On 27 February 2010, the province of Yorksborough was struck by an 8.8 Mw earthquake, in which more than 500 people died and over a million people lost their homes. The initial damage caused by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami would cost the nation a large amount of money.
After defeating Skinner in the 2015 election, Tony Abbott would be the first Prime Minister part of the Conservative Party after more than 30 years since the end of Doug Anthony's administration. The most important part of his term was the signing of separated free trade agreements with Antartique, Cosimoland, the United States and other countries. During his re-election campaign, he proposed the creation of a new currency called the "Novanglian airgiod" (airgiod meaning "silver" in Novanglian Gaelic), but the idea ended up failing.
Republicanism in the nation is slowly rising in popularity since the end of the 20th century, the population began to be attracted to the formation of a republic, very similar to the United States. Although the 2003 referendum failed, a new referendum is planned for July 2024, polls suggest that the election will have very close results and it is unknown who could be the winner. In 2022, Columbian president Dwayne Johnson stated that he would support the creation of a republic in Novanglia. Novanglia is currently led by Diane Morgan, who won the 2020 election by a large margin, her government has focused on cooperation between other nations in Muqaddas, also funding new research projects on Minerva.
Government and politics[]
Branches of government[]

Diane Morgan, the current Prime Minister of Novanglia
Since achieving full independence in 1948, Novanglia has remained a constitutional monarchy that occurs within the framework of a parliamentary democracy. However, the constitution of Novanglia is not codified, meaning the constitution takes influence from customs and precedent rather than a specific set of legal doctrines or dogmas. Due to being part of the Henrylandic Commonwealth, Queen Anne I of Henryland serves as the queen of Novanglia, and is thus the head of state. The monarch appoints the Prefect, who is selected by the king on the advice of the Prime Minister of Novanglia. While the Prefect is a largely symbolic role, they can still exercise some of the monarch's prerogative powers such as reviewing and overseeing the appointment of ambassadors and other civil servants in Novanglia. The powers of the monarch and Prefect are limited by constitutional constraint, thus preventing abuse of power.

The Novanglian Parliament in 2019
It is the Parliament of Novanglia which holds legislative power in the country and consists of the monarch, the senate, and the house of representatives. The Senate serves as the upper house of the Novanglian legislature and is heavily modeled after the Henrylandic House of Lords. Senators are appointed to 10-year terms by the Prefect on the advice of the prime minister. Approval from both houses is needed to pass laws, though the Senate rarely blocks legislation within Novanglian parliament. From 2007 to 2010, the Novanglian Senate only blocked a total of 8 bills that had passed the House of Representatives.
In contrast, the lower house of parliament, the House of Representatives, is directly elected by the people of Novanglia. The Prime Minister of Novanglia is selected by the House of Representatives based on the party with the most seats or the largest coalition. The supremacy of parliament over the crown was established in England by the Bill of Rights of 1689 and has been adopted by the parliament of Novanglia through legal precedent. Parliamentary elections must be called no later than 4 years after the previous election, though this can happen significantly earlier if a snap election is called. The cabinet is selected by the Prime Minister and approved by parliament and acts as the highest-ranking policy-making body in the government.
Since the formation of the Dominion of Novanglia in 1810, a total of 38 individuals have held the title of Prime Minister of Novanglia. The current Prime Minister of Novanglia is Diane Morgan.
Political parties[]
Currently, the most prominent political parties in Novanglia are:
- The Conservative Party, presents policies generally considered to be in the centre-right of the political spectrum. Under Edward Cruz they are the current leaders of the opposition.
- The Labour Party, despite being founded in 1902, it only started to become popular in the year 1946, thanks to the leadership of Joseph Peron, who achieved the creation of the current Commonwealth. Although both being mostly left-wing parties, the Labour Party is famous for is rivalry with the R.C.U.
- The Radical Civic Union is the one currently leading the nation; it started as the main representative of left-wing politics in Novanglia, and saw its greatest relevance in the 1910s and 1920s, thanks to the postwar period that brought a great political instability. The death of Prime Minister Manuel Prieto set them back from taking the ministry for a few years, until Paul McCartney's victory in 1983.
Aside from the three prominent political parties, other parties in Novanglia are:
- The Novanglian Republican Party, formed in 1946, has the objective of transforming Novanglia into a republic that would leave the Henrylandic Royal Realm. With the rise in popularity of republicanism in the 21st century, the party could gain relevance in the 2025 elections.
- United Spartacists of Novanglia, a party with a traditional Spartacist ideology, it has never gained much importance in the country, but continues to be supported by Germany and other Spartacist nations.
- The Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Party is a party based on right-wing populism and green conservatism formed in 1992.
Provinces[]

Provinces of Novanglia
The Commonwealth of Novanglia is divided into fifteen political entities called provinces, the autonomous district of Hawkinsville that serves as the nation's capital and two associated territories. Hawkinsville was established as a distinct entity separated from New Oxford after the establishment of the Commonwealth, in order to help separate the power and economies of the nation. The territories of New Manchester and Maryland serve practically the same as other provinces, but are not considered such because of their low population.
Foreign relations[]
Novanglia is a founding member of the GTO, G25, SMCM and a part of the OCEC. Described as a regional power, the nation shares deep economic relations with its close neighbors such as Antartique, Cosimoland and Al-Bayd, but also having good relations with more distant countries like Russia, Jansland and Morocco.
Western Sisterhood[]
Full article: Western Sisterhood
The United States and Novanglia consider each other two of their closest allies. Since Novanglia's independence from Henryland, both nations have continued a close association both economically and militarily. Former Columbian president John Pastore described the nation as "one of the most important points in global trade" while Jack Lang, former Prime Minister of Novanglia "the greatest beacon of freedom in the modern world" (in reference to the Cold War). Alongside England, these two nations formed the ECN, a trilateral security partnership in 1992. This special relation between the two countries is known as "Western Sisterhood" mostly because of their geographical location.
Military[]

Flag of the Novanglian Defence Forces
The Novanglian Defence Forces is the military organisation responsible for the defence of the nation, and is divided in 3 service branches: The Novanglian Army, the Novanglian Royal Navy and the Novanglian Royal Air Force. With a numbering 89,301 personnel (Including over 20.000 reservists), its the second largest army in Muqaddas, suprassed only by Henryland.
Economy[]

The central district of Hawkinsville, photographed in 1984
Thanks to rich natural resources, early industrialisation, and an advanced market economy, Novanglia is not only the largest economy in the continent of Muqaddas, but also ranks seventh within the framework of the largest economies of the world. It has the third lowest poverty rate on the continent, only surpassed by Moria and Cosimoland. The Novanglian Pound is the nation's currency. The country has a high level of economic freedom.
Novanglia is the world's largest producer of Máte, thanks to the big domestic consumption and demand in Anglophone nations such as Henryland and England. It specializes in many export resources such as grain, petroleum, machinery and transport equipment, and soy.
Energy[]

The Stuart Nuclear Plant
In 1956 the nation became the first Muqaddian country to install a nuclear power plant in the city of New Chester. With the years, Novanglia is a regional leader in terms of nuclear energy.
The Novanglian nuclear programme has been highly successful. Nuclear facilities with Novanglian-made technology have been built in Henryland, Jansland, and New Caledonia. Despite having the resources to create nuclear weapons, the nation has only used nuclear energy for peaceful and energetic purposes.
Science and technology[]

Alfred Wallace, father of the theory of human evolution in the Anglophone world
Scientific advances made in Novanglia include the first coronary bypass surgery perfomed, the invention of disposable syringe and the first prototype of a personal computer, developed by famous Novanglian mathematician Alan Turing.
Alfred Russel Wallace's theory of human evolution was highly influenced by his and Charles Darwin's voyages in Novanglian port cities like Rawson, New York and Mount Sheffield. Wallace also lived his final years in the city of Port William, later renamed to "Wallace" to honour him.
Another important figure in terms of scientific discoveries within the nation is Stephen Hawking. Hawking suffers from a treatable type of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He has made great contributions to the general knowledge of black holes, but ended up finishing the "Grand Unified Theory", originally started by German physicist Albert Einstein uniting the entirety of physics under only one set of equations that describe all of the forces in nature.
Demographics[]
Due to European colonization, Novanglia is considered a multicultural country, with a big influence from countries like England, Wales, Scotland, Italy, Castile and Bulgaria. During the 19th and 20th centuries, thanks to the great crises that hit Europe, thousands of European people migrated to Novanglia in search of better opportunities. Because of this linguistic exchange with the new European inmigrants, Novanglian Gaelic was formed with the combination of the language brought from Scotland with the English spoken in the zone. This new language still exists to this day, mainly in the provinces of New Lancashire and Walpole, continuing to shape its internal politics.
Ancestry and immigration[]

A traditional Castilian wedding in Monteverde, Biruvia
Discussing the various groups that contributed to Novanglia's immigration, the impact of the Castilians, particularly during the colonial era, cannot be overlooked. With limited colonization in the New World, notably San Esteban and Guantanamo, many Castilians seeking improved prospects faced challenges in choosing a place to settle. They eventually chose the province of Biruvia for its comparable climate, as well as Ysiria, Walpole, and Yorksborough. Once the Kingdom of Castile became a subject of France, this community continued to grow during the 20th century. "Goûter" or "Merienda" by its original name is a Novanglian tradition that comes from Castilian roots, which consists on a fourth food added to the main four, consisting of mostly sugar-based food. Relevant Castilians in Novanglian history include figures as relevant as José de San Martín, Joseph Perón (alongside his wife Marie) and Prime Minister Manuel García Prieto.
The second most prominent group of ethnic immigrants from Europe are the Slavic people located in the province Rangeland, most of them coming from Bulgaria. This trend started in the mid 17th century when Novanglia was establishing itself as a Dominion more separate from the monarchy, this motivated Bulgarians who, at the time, were being dominated by Hungary on their mainland, to establish in the lightly populated west coast. The most prominent of this community is the city of Novgrad with a population of more than 990,000. One of the most widely known effects of the cultural exchange between the two cultures is the variation of many traditional surnames that were changed or slightly modified during the process of immigration, like Todorov, Dimitrov, and Iliev. The Nadezhda, a ship which set sail from southern Greece in 1646, brought the vast majority of those in the modern era of Bulgarian descent to Novanglia.
Lasting from the end of the Third Great War, a large French community still exists in the provinces of Astra and Mucovia. Other minor groups within the Commonwealth include Dacians, Irish, Japanese and Italians.
Religion[]
Novanglia is a religiously diverse state. For the population that is religious, a plurality identifies as Roman Catholic (48.8%), followed thereafter by Waldensian Christian (26.4%), Orthodox Christian (20.5%), Sephardic Jewish (2.3%), Manichaean (1.1%), or follows Muqaddian folk religions (0.9%). Historically, most of the population was Anglican, but this started to fish by the end of the 20th century; Paul McCartney was one of the first major politicians to be raised Roman Catholic. Novanglia is a part of the Orthodox Christian Economic Community, mostly because of the Slavic presence in Rangeland. Catholicism in Novanglia has historically been accredited to immigration from Castile, Italy, and Ireland, as well as a large number of English Catholics fleeing persecution by the Church of England and, much later, the rise of Waldensianism.
Education[]
Education is one of the most fundamental parts of the Novanglian public investment, it is considered to be the best educational system of the continent without much competition. All schools above middle level are obligated to teach at least one second language which can variate between Scots, Gaelic, French or most recently German and Dutch. In the 21st century, Novanglian education has took a turn into robotics and technological information, with the latter as a necessary subject for every student to graduate.
Prominent Novanglian universities at the international level include the University of Hawkinsville and Wilberforce University.
Gender and sexuality[]

Freddie Mercury
The issue of gender equality started as far as the nation's original declaration of independence in 1948, when Marie Eva Duarte Perón was appointed as the first Prefect of the Commonwealth. Marie is an unanimously admired historical figure for all the advances she made onthe early years of the nation, like pushing for women's suffrage in a time where it was seen as polemic by society. She refused to get any political office like Prime Minister, arguing that it limited her on personal life but also her beloved "field work" regarding getting to meet people across the country. Jacqueline Onassis is another generally praised woman famous for her fashion and taking care of his husband's successful business.
According to international polls realized by the LTEP, Novanglia is listed among the 10 nations with more general social acceptance of the LBGTQ+ community; Freddie Mercury is an iconic singer who openly came out as bisexual, to then become one of the main representatives of the community in general culture.
Culture[]
This city has progressed to become far more than what is referred to as the London of this great continent of Muqaddas. It is of my utmost honesty and passion that I hope it shall retain this title and advance itself far enough to surpass the surly juxtapositions it has with the cities of the Old World, in the years to come.
- Thomas Stearns Eliot, referring to the city of Hawkinsville.

Four of the most influential Novanglian writers. Top-left to bottom-right: J. R. R. Tolkien, T. S. Eliot, Alexandra Pizarnik and Joseph Borges
Literature[]
Novanglian literature, highly inspired by modern age English literature has been praised for being one of the most popular in the world, with some of the considered highest quality works in modern literature.
Herbert George Wells, simply known as H. G. Wells is the most prominent and acclaimed Novanglian writer, famous for novels such as "The Time Machine" and "The War of the Worlds" with the latter later highly influencing H.P. Lovecraft, at the same time sparking a general interest in outer space in literature. Wells was a futurist, who foresaw the advent of military weapons like cisterns, space travel, nuclear weapons, the rapid advance of computers and the creation of the Weltemp.
Also notable in the nation's literary history are Alexandra Pizarnik and Joseph Borges. Pizarnik was an introspective poet recognized as "one of the most unusual bodies of work in English-speaking literature" while Borges is considered one of the foremost figures in the history of literature, for influencing authors all over the world.
From the early 1960s to the late 1990s, a large number of literary works from Novanglia became popular in the United States. J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Tighearn of the Rings" gained recognition among the Columbian public and was later adapted into a successful film.
Music[]

Mira Aroyo in 2020
During the early and late 20th century, Novanglian music was influenced by Columbian styles like jazz and swing. Artists like Al Bowlly, John Lennon, Richard Nixon and David Bowie left their mark in the musical history of the nation, becoming internationally praised. Ken "Snakehips" Johnson, born and raised in Novanglia is considered one of the most prominent swing musicians of all time. Daniel Dumile (known as MF Doom) is the most successful modern swing singer, and has been described as "A Worthy Successor of Snakehips himself". Several bands from Novanglia include Men at Work, Midnight Oil, Black Sabbath, and the Mindbenders.
Mira Aroyo is a singer and musician specialized in synthpop, she is considered one of the greatest Novanglian celebrities, quickly turning her into one of the best-selling musicians of all time.
Sports[]

Lionel Messi after the 2022 World Cup.
Football is the most prominent sport in Novanglia and an important part of Novanglian culture. This is part of one of the nation's many English heritages, including food or other cultural elements. This sport also reflects the historic rivalry between the English and French, with the sometimes known as the "Battle of Muqaddas" between Novanglia and Al-Bayd, a rivalry in which both consist of seeing which is the best on the continent.
Novanglia has hosted the IFF World Cup only once (1978) but has won 3 times (1950, 1978, and 2022). Their team is considered one of the best in the world, and Lionel Messi, a very important player of the selection is considered to be the best football player in the world.
Aside from Football, Tennis, Ulama and Rugby are also played countrywide.
Mass Media[]
Competing with the United States, Novanglia is considered a major "exporter" of media to the rest of the world but also in the national regard. Diana Spencer, nicknamed the "Queen of Novanglian television" has been presenting an extremely popular TV show based around interviews, drama and general chats between her and various guests. It is the most daily viewed program in national television, while Diana is a praised figure within the country.
Undoubtedly, the identity of Novanglia in pop culture is thanks to Matilda, a comic strip character who became very popular in the 1960s, and started a "MatildaMania" in the country which proclaimed her as the most popular fictional character in the entire nation. She became so popular that a statue was built in the city of Hawkinsville, becoming a very popular tourist attraction in the nation.

Matilda
Matilda is a 9 year old girl with outstanding intelligence for her age and that she usually makes intelligent comments or social criticism in all her comics, all this accompanied by comedy and exaggeration of some situations. She is accompanied by some recurring characters such as her parents, Rachel and George, and her friends; Philip, Susan, Matthew and Milo.
Matilda's world has been adapted into a television series in 1972 and a movie from 1982. Both being a resounding success in the country, and a moderate success internationally.

Official poster of Condorito: The Movie
Alongside Matilda, a very popular character in Novanglia's pop culture is Condorito, an anthropomorphic condor who charmed audiences with his various misadventures, sometimes based on slapstick comedy. His comic strips became incredibly popular in western Novanglia, not quite having the cultural impact that Matilda did, but still becoming very prominent countrywide. Condorito comics are also sold in New Dover and Cosimoland.
Condorito had a movie in 2017, which grossed a lot at the box office in national theaters. The movie was even released outside of the country, with it only being a moderate success in New Dover, England and Cosimoland, but becoming a big commercial failure in Columbia.

Poster of the show
In western Novanglia, the most famous television program in the whole country was also created. 31 Minutes is a series made from puppets, which parodies a news channel with the same name as the program. The news channel is always on the lookout for the newest headlines, and its staff will slowly become great friends. The series is also characterized by its musical numbers that appear in each episode, turning 31 Minutes into a musical band that has published all its songs on Soundcloud. The show continues today with 7 seasons and an eighth in production.
The main protagonists of the show are: Tyson Tait, an extremely greedy monkey and show host, Juan Carlos Bodoque, a Castilian rabbit very concerned about the environment, Julian, an unknown creature and who is always mistreated by Tyson, Marley, a very calm dog, and Paisley, Tyson's daughter.
31 Minutes was also important for the Internet Culture, with some of its quotes becoming memes, and in 2018, one of the main characters, Juan Carlos Bodoque started a new meme, in which a PNG of the character was inserted into any funny location, including historical sites or battlefields. The show also had a large screen appearance in the 2008 film 31 Minutes: The Movie (also called Tyson Goes to New Amsterdam) became an absolute success, not only in Novanglia, but also in the United States.

Bernard in 1984
Bobby Bernard is an actor, comedian and performer-magician born in the Novanglian city of New Chester. Known for his iconic catchphrase "I'm not an unused joke salesman!" Bernard is considered one of the most famous and influential comedians of the 20th century. His film Bobby Bernard's Barbaric Ballsack released in 1968 with clear views against the Great Muqaddian War made him a national star, later advancing to international fame in countries such as Henryland, the United States and also the European continent.
Bernard also contributed to humanitarian work in his home nation, including advocating for the expansion of the National Health Service. The Bobby Bernard Museum is a location in the city of Hawkinsville, made to honor him, including some of his works and philanthropic actions during his career.
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