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| Capital | Tacna | ||
| Largest city | Lima | ||
| Other cities | Cusco, Santa Cruz, Trujillo | ||
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| Language official |
Spanish | ||
| others | German, Italian, Quechuan | ||
| Religion main |
Catholics | ||
| others | Buddhists, Jews, Protestants | ||
| Ethnic Groups main |
Italians and Spaniards | ||
| others | Amerindians, Mestizos | ||
| Demonym | Peruvian Bolivian | ||
| Government | Federal presidential republic | ||
| Legislature | Congress of the Confederation | ||
| President | |||
| Currency | Sol (PBS)
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| Calling Code | +51 | ||
| Internet TLD | .pb | ||
| Organizations | OAS, UN | ||
The Peru-Bolivian Confederation (Spanish: Confederación Perú-Boliviana), colloquially known as Peru and Bolivia (Perú y Bolivia) or Peru-Bolivia, is a nation located in South America. The country is bordered by Colombia and Ecuador in the north, Brazil in the east, and Argentina and Chile in the south.
The modern origins of the confederation in 1836 with the unificiation of both Peru and Bolivia under Andrés de Santa Cruz. Because the new nation threatened the status quo on the continent, war broke out between the confederation and an Argentine-Chilean force. The war was short-lived, due in part to the superior forces of the Confederation, as well as international support for the Confederation by both France and the United Kingdom.
Despite the Confederation's victory, internal tensions would continue. Andrés de Santa Cruz would eventually be overthrown in the 1840s. A new constitution was adopted shortly thereafter. The antebellum period would see the nation's economy and power increase (with silver mining and rubber production being among the most noted resources during this time).
By the 20th Century, the economic growth began to decline. In the 1936 elections, Luis A. Flores of the Revolutionary Union wins the presidency. Flores' regime would be modeled after Benito Mussolini's Italy. Tensions between the confederation and neighboring Ecuador escalate to war in 1941, resulting in Peru-Bolivian forces occupying Guayaquil and Quito. With World War II taking place in Eurasia, as well as efforts by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to keep the Americas united against the Axis Powers, little condemnation was given at the time. The occupation would later evolve into the formation of a puppet state in Ecuador that would last until the 1990s.
Throughout the Cold War, Peru and Bolivia would be a frenemy of the United States against the rise of communism. All-in-all, the fascist government held strong relations with the Empire of Japan, the nations of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, and Western Sahara under Francisco Franco. Following the election of Salvador Allende in Chile, tensions between the two nations escalated. War between the two finally broke out in 1975, with Peru-Bolivian forces being able to occupy much of the north. After months of fighting, Chilean forces became successful and forced the invading confederation to retreat.
