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| Punjabi | |
|---|---|
| ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Panjabi, Panjaabi, Punjaabi | |
| Spoken in | Majority:  Punjab Sizeable minority:  Pakhtunkhwa  Tajikistan  Uzbekistan  Hazaraistan Aimaqistan  Turkmenistan  Rajasthan  Sindh  Gujarat  Bengal  Assam  Nepal  Balochistan  Mazun  Bhutan  Burma  Kashmir  Balawaristan  Burundi  Kenya  Rwanda  Tanzania  Uganda  Bihar  Maharashtra Bhutan Rajasthan  Agra & Awadh Burma  Yunnan  Canton  Tibet |
| Ethnicity | Punjabi |
| Language family | |
| Dialects | Majhi (prestige dialect)
|
| Official status | |
| Official language in | Punjab |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | pa |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Punjabi (Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by 102 million native speakers worldwide, making it the 9th most widely spoken language (2010) in the world. It is the native language of the Punjabi people from Punjab. It is the only tonal language among the Indo-Aryan languages.
Differences from ATL Punjabi and OTL
Standardisation and dialects
In the OTL, Punjabi was not official anywhere until 1966, when it was made official Indian Punjab after the Punjabi Suba Movement. Under Muslim and Sikh rule the official language of Punjab was Persian, under the British it was Urdu and under India, Hindi and Pakistan, Urdu. This lack of standardisation has led to various diverged Punjabi dialects, such as the Saraiki dialect and Hindko dialect, and various Western Pahari languages, such as Dogri and Pothwari, regarded as Punjabi dialects by some scholars and distinct languages by others, creating dialect vs language scenarios.
In this ATL, Punjabi standardised and made official in Sikh Empire in 1850, replacing Persian. Whilst the dialects/languages, mentioned above, still exist, but are solely considered as dialects due to the early standardisation, these dialects/languages have been even more heavily influenced by Punjabi.
Scripts
In OTL, the Punjab region has two scripts, Gurmukhi script in the majority Sikh Indian Punjab and the Shahmukhi script for in majority Muslim Pakistani Punjab. In the Punjab, due to a long period of Sikh rule, there is majority Sikh population meaning that Gurmukhi is the sole script of the Punjabi language.
Vocabulary
The major difference in the words are that English borrowed words such as; bus, phone, mobile have been replaced by archaic or non OTL existing words, as English had little to no impact on the language unlike in OTL. In OTL Punjabi mostly English country names are used, in ATL most names come from Persian.
