Russia (Ceibos, Tulips, & Revolution)

Russian Empire Российская Империя Rossiyskaya Imperiya Timeline: Ceibos, Tulips, & Revolution OTL equivalent: Majority of Russia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Estonia, Belarus, Latvia, and parts of Mongolia
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:  "Съ нами Богъ!" S' nami Bog! ("God is with us!")
Anthem:  God Save the Tsar! "Боже, Царя храни!"
Capital		Saint Petersburg
Largest city		Moscow
Official languages		Russian
Recognized regional languages		French Ukranian Lithuanian Others
Ethnic groups		48.7% Russian 13.8% Ukranian 7.2% Jewish 30.3% other
Religion		71.4% Christianity 63.9% Eastern Orthodox (official) 3.8% Catholicism 2.6% Protestanism 1.1% other Christian 18.5% Islam 6.7% Judaism 3.4% other
Demonym(s)		Russian
Government		Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
-	Emperor	Nicholas V
-	Prime Minister	Michelle Wu
Legislature		Governing Senate
-	Upper house	State Council (Russia)
-	Lower house	State Duma
Formation
-	Kievan Rus'	882
-	Vladimir-Suzdal	1157
-	Principality of Moscow	1282
-	Vladimir-Suzdal	January 16, 1547 (1547-01-16)
-	Empire established	November 2, 1721 (1721-11-02)
-	Parliament established	June 3, 1871 (1871-06-03)
-	Start of the Russian Civil War	May 30, 1939 (1939-05-30)
-	End of the Civil War	July 7, 1943 (1943-07-07)
Area
-	Total	21,281,753.31 km2 (1st) 8,216,931 sq mi
Population
-	2022 estimate	332,998,541▲
-	census	332,358,873▲
GDP (PPP)		2020 estimate
-	Total	£23.895  trillion (1st)
-	Per capita	£47,311 (31st)
GDP (nominal)		2020 estimate
-	Total	£9.298 trillion (2nd)
-	Per capita	£37,113 (45th)
Gini (2022)		▼ 31.4 high
HELSI (2021)		▲ 0.921 very high 18th
Currency		Russian ruble ($) (RUB)
Time zone		UTC0, +2 to +12
Date formats		dd/mm/yyyy
Drives on the		right
Internet TLD		.ru, ..рф, .cr, .wr, .lr
Calling code		+7

Russia, officially the Russian Empire (Russian: Российская Империя ; Rossiyskaya Imperiya) is a transcontinental country stretching much of Eastern Europe, North, and Central Asia. It encompasses portions of Africa as well as islands in the Southern Ocean. It is the world's largest country by land area, and the world's second most populated country. Its capital and main cultural capital is Saint Petersburg, while its most populated city is Moscow.

Starting in the third century, Eastern Slavs would migrate to Great Russia. And by the eighth century, they would be a recognised ethnic group. Kievan Rus', the first Slavic state was established around the 880s. Orthodox Christianity would become the official religion in 988. With the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' in the 1240s, the Kievan Rus' would be dissolved. The Principality of Moscow would replace it, and begin the unification of Russian lands, leading to the proclamation of the Tsardom of Russia in 1547.

Between 1550 and 1700, the Russian state grew by an average of 35,000 km2 (14,000 sq mi) per year. Under Peter the Great Russia would reach the Pacific Ocean , conquering much of Siberia. The modern Russian Empire would be established following its victory over Sweden in the Great Northern War. He transformed Russia into a leading European power, relocating the capital from Moscow to the newly built city of Saint Petersburg. This move signaled the dawn of the imperial era and ushered in a cultural revolution that introduced modernity, science, rationalism, and a Western-oriented system. Catherine the Great further expanded the Russian state through conquest, colonization, and diplomacy, while advancing Peter's vision of modernization along Western lines.

Under Alexander I, Russia would halt Napoleon's conquest of Europe. During the nineteenth century Russia would enter an age of imperialism, and economic growth, as more liberal reforms would take place, with the creation of the State Duma, and the first free election would take place. Following the Brothers War, Russia would enter into economic decline, culminating with the rise of ultra-right parties, seen in the 1932 Russian legislative election. With the Russian entry into the Great War, it would suffer a series of defeats, that further galvanized the population against the emperor. These ultra-right parties would incite the Summer Revolution, leading to the dissolution of the Empire. Ending over three-hundred year of Romanov Rule.

Political dysfunction, continued involvement in the widely unpopular war, and widespread food shortages resulted in mass demonstrations against the government in December. The Republic was overthrown in the Russian Revolution by the N.S.R.P.P., who proclaimed the Russian Nationalist State but nevertheless they were opposed by various factions known collectively as the Royals.

Following major victories against the R.N.S., the Russian Empire would be re-established, as Russia found itself fighting for ideological dominance and international influence against Argentina. The Moscow Bloc would be found as a counter to the newly created Trans-Oceanic Security Pact. The first man-made satellite would be launched in 1949, and the Uranium Weapons Game would begin after Russia would drop the first Perditor-mun Bomb. Since the 1960s, Russia has been considered a superpower, having influence across geopolitics across the world.

Russia is a parliamentary democracy, and a constitutional monarchy. It is one of the most developed countries in the world. Its vast mineral and energy resources; the world's second-largest for oil production and natural gas production, have made it one of the richest countries in the world, ranking first in nominal GDP, second in purchase power parity. It has one of the highest HELS indexes. Russia ranks among the world's highest in economic competitiveness, productivity, innovation, human rights, and higher education, however Russification, and LGBTQ+ rights remain a big issue. It is a founding member of the Moscow Bloc, International Consortium, Global Economic Fund, and a member of the Court of International Justice, the Big Eight, and the Council of the International Consortium.

History

Prehistoric Period

It is debated where the first humans originally migrated to Russia. Archaeological evidence indicates that homo erectus, began to settle in the Caucasus area as early as 1.8 million years ago. Other fossils belonging to the Neanderthals and early modern humans. Flint tools, some 1.5 million years old, have been discovered in the Taman Peninsula in southern Russia. Fossil evidence from sites like Dmanisi in the Tiflis Governorate, which are around 1.85 million years old, shows some of the earliest evidence of human occupation outside Africa.

Replica of Dmanisi Skull 3, the skull of an adolescent individual, discovered in 2001.

However Central Asia poses as another hypothesis from where the first humans migrated into Russia. With homo erectus being one of the first species to pass through this region. As humans moved out of Africa and through the Middle East, they crossed into Central Asia. The region’s large river systems, like the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, supported early human life by providing freshwater, making it an attractive destination for hunter-gatherer societies. Central Asia was also really important in early human innovation, with the domestication of animals, and the first forms of agriculture being developed here.

Old & New Stone Age

By the Upper Paleolithic (around 40,000 years ago), modern humans had arrived in the region. Early humans in the Russian territories lived primarily as hunter-gatherers. Important archaeological sites from this period include the Kostenki and Sungir sites in western Russia, where evidence of early human culture, tools, and burials has been found. In Western Siberia, high concentration cultural remains of modern humans, from at least 40,000 years ago, was found at Kostyonki–Borshchyovo, and at Sungir, dating back to 34,600 years ago—both. Humans reached Arctic Russia at least 40,000 years ago, in Mamontovaya Kurya. Ancient North Eurasian populations from Siberia genetically similar to Mal'ta–Buret' culture and Afontova Gora were an important genetic contributor to Ancient Native Americans and Eastern Hunter-Gatherers. By around 10,000 BCE, humans in the Russian territories began transitioning from purely hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement.

Bronze Age, Iron Age, and start of civilizations

During the Bronze Age, the Yamnaya culture emerged in the Pontic-Caspian steppe and from here. The Kurgan hypothesis hypothesizes that they spread westward into Europe and eastward into Asia. Nomadic pastoralism

By the 1st millennium BCE, nomadic groups such as the Sarmatians, Alans, and later the Huns would migrate into Russia.

See also

• List of Nations
  
• New Moscow
  
• Fort Ross
  
• Emperor of Russia