Russia (Differently)

Russian Federation Росси́йская Федера́ция Timeline: Differently
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem:  Патриотическая Песня "Patriotic Song" File:Russia Anthem 1990-2000.ogg
Location of Russia (green) with disputed territory of Ukraine (light green)
Capital (and largest city)		Moscow
Official languages		Russian
Other languages		Belarusian • Ukrainian • Kazakh • several Northwest Caucasian, Turkic and indigenous languages
Religion		75.8% Christianity -71.7% Orthodox -3.2% Catholic -0.9% other Christian 11.4 Irreligion 6.1% Islam 5.2% Zoroastrianism 1.5% other
Government		Federal semi-presidential republic under a nationalist government
-	President	Viktoria Abramchenko
-	Vice President	Sergey Baburin
-	Prime Minister	Viktor Lukashenko
Establishment
-	Kievan Rus'	879
-	Vladimir-Suzdal	1157
-	Grand Duchy of Moscow	1263
-	Tsardom of Russia	16 January 1547
-	Holy Russian Empire	12 January 1815
-	Monarchy abolished	15 March 1917
-	Soviet Union	30 December 1922
-	Russian Federation	4 December 1982
-	Reunification of Russia	21 January 1997
Area
-	Total	21,607,262 km2  8,342,610 sq mi
Population
-	Estimate	209,336,053 (5th)
Currency		Russian ruble (₽) (RUB)

Russia (Russian: Россия), officially the Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция), is a vast country extending from Eastern Europe throughout Northern Asia up to North America. It is by far the largest country in the world, covering 21.6 million square kilometres, or more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, spanning thirteen time zones, and bordering sixteen sovereign nations. With 209.3 million inhabitants living in the country's 88 federal subjects as of 2020, Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the fifth-most populous in the world. Russia's capital and largest city is Moscow; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg, Kiev, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan and Chelyabinsk.

The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. The medieval state of Kievan Rus' arose in the 9th century. In 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, and the Grand Duchy of Moscow rose during the 15th century. From 862 to 1917 Russia was ruled by Rurik dynasty. By the 19th century, the nation had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to evolve into the Holy Russian Empire, the third-largest empire in the world. After its major loss in the Crimean War, it began declining as it slowed down in industrialisation and liberalisation, compared to the other European powers. In 1905, a revolution established a de-jure constitutional monarchy, although it was unofficially still an autocratic society.

The monarchy was abolished following the Russian Revolution in 1917, and the Russian Soviet Republic became the world's first constitutionally socialist state. Following a civil war, the Russian SFSR established the Soviet Union with three other republics, as its largest and the principal constituent. The country underwent a period of rapid industrialisation at the expense of millions of lives. The Soviet Union emerged as a superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet regime collapsed in 1982, when the modern Russian Federation was founded. Since 2001, the country has been autocraticising and abandoning Western policies.

Today, Russia is a major world power, and is a member of the League of Nations and BRAC.

History

Post-Soviet era (1982–1990)

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1982, Russia became the legal successor to the former country, and for the first few years, it remained a socialist republic under Nikolay Tihonov who served in many positions in the previous Soviet system . The economy remained highly centralised, resulting in the continuation of the major economic recession that had plagued the Soviet Union since 1966. Freedom of speech and press was also a major issue in post-Soviet Russia, as Tihonov believed that Russia could survive as a communist state if the Soviet policies remained. This essentially removed all hope of reforming the government.

Under Tihonov, Russia still attempted to support all socialist nations, most notably the Confederation of American Socialist States, which had been fighting a guerilla war against the United States and its allies. Moscow sent weapons to the Socialist Confederate Army, and threatened to invade Canada and the United States in order to defend its communist ally. However, attempts to save the CASS failed, as eventually the communists fell from power and the Confederate States was officially restored in power. faced serious criticism from the Russian populace, which lead to an attempted coup by the Russian military in January 1979 to restore control - it resulted in a major major standoff between forces loyal to and forces loyal to the military, as fear of civil war emerged yet again.

Eventually, the two sides agreed to an agreement - Tihonov would transform Russia back into a capitalist society to improve the economy, and allow more liberal policies to make the Russian populace more happier. The government started working on a proper constitution to replace the previous Russian SFSR one. A constitutional referendum was held on 14 January 1984, with over 78.9% of voters voting in favour of the constitution. The constitution was officially adopted a day later by the Russian government.

Borders and coast

The largest country in the world, Russia borders numerous nations: Finland, Estland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Danubia and Vlachia to the west, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Chagatai, Uyghuristan, Mongolia, Manchuria, Korea and Japan to the south and Canada to the east.

Russia is bounded by the cold Arctic Ocean to the north, the North Pacific Ocean on the east and by the Black, Caspian and Aral Seas on the south.

Federal subjects

A map of Russia's federal subjects.

  Oblasts

  Republics

  Krais

  Autonomous Okrugs

  Federal Cities

  Autonomous Oblast (1)

The subjects of the Russian Federation (Russian: субъекты Российской Федерации, romanized: subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) are the constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions according to the Constitution of Russia. Each federal subject belongs to one of the following types:

• Oblasts: The most common type of federal subject with a governor and locally elected legislature. Commonly named after their administrative centres.
• Republics: Nominally autonomous, each with its own constitution, language, and legislature but represented by the federal government in international affairs. Each is home to a specific ethnic minority.
• Krais: For all intents and purposes, krais are legally identical to oblasts. The title "krai" ("frontier" or "territory") is historic, related to geographic (frontier) position in a certain period of history. The current krais are not related to frontiers.
• Autonomous Okrugs: Occasionally referred to as "autonomous districts", "autonomous areas", or "autonomous regions", each with a substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
• Federal Cities: Major cities that function as separate regions.
• Autonomous Oblast: Oblasts with a higher degree of autonomny. Currently there is only one, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.

Name	Capital/Admin Center	Type	Area (km2)	Population
Adygea (Адыге́я) (Адыгэ)	Maykop	Republic	7,600	447,109
Alaska (Аля́ска) (Alax̂sxax̂) (Alaasikaq) (Alas'kaaq) (Alaskaq) (Anáaski)	Novo-Arkhangelsk (Largest city: Alaska City)	Republic	663,268	710,249
Bashkortostan (Башкортоста́н) (Башҡортостан)	Ufa	Republic	143,600	4,104,336
Buryatia (Буря́тия) (Буряад)	Ulan-Ude	Republic	351,300	981,238
Altai Republic (Респу́блика Алта́й) (Алтай Республика)	Gorno-Altaysk	Republic	92,600	202,947
Kazakhstan (Казахстан) (Қазақстан)	Astana	Republic	2,724,900	18,711,560
Dagestan (Дагеста́н) (Республика) (Дагъистаналъул)	Makhachkala	Republic	50,300	2,576,531
Ingushetia (Гӏалгӏай) (Ингуше́тия)	Magas (Largest city: Nazran)	Republic	4,000	467,294
Chechnya (Чечня́) (Нохчийчоь)	Grozny	Republic	15,300	1,103,686
Kabardino-Balkaria (Кабарди́но-Балка́рия) (Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр) (Къабарты-Малкъар)	Nalchik	Republic	12,500	901,494
Kalmykia (Калмы́кия) (Хальмг)	Elista	Republic	76,100	292,410
Karachay-Cherkessia (Карача́ево-Черке́сская)	Cherkessk	Republic	14,100	439,470
Karelia (Каре́лия) (Karjal)	Petrozavodsk	Republic	172,400	716,281
Komi (Ко́ми) (Коми)	Syktyvkar	Republic	415,900	1,018,674
Mari El (Мари́й Эл) (Марий Эл) (Мары Эл)	Yoshkar-Ola	Republic	23,200	727,979
Mordovia (Мордо́вия) (Мордовия)	Saransk	Republic	26,200	888,766
North Ossetia-Alania (Северная Осетия—Алания) (Цӕгат Ирыстон—Алани)	Vladikavkaz	Republic	8,000	710,275
Tatarstan (Татарста́н) (Татарстан)	Kazan	Republic	68,000	3,779,265
Tuva (Тува́) (Тыва)	Kyzyl	Republic	170,500	305,510
Udmurtia (Удму́ртия) (Удмуртия)	Izhevsk	Republic	42,100	1,570,316
Khakassia (Хака́сия) (Хака́с)	Abakan	Republic	61,900	546,072
Belarus (Белоруссия) (Беларусь)	Minsk	Republic	207,595	9,408,400
Ukraine (Украина) (Україна)	Kyiv	Republic	603,628	48,457,102
Chuvashia (Чува́шия) (Чӑваш Ен)	Cheboksary	Republic	18,300	1,313,754
Altai Krai (Алта́йский край)	Barnaul	Krai	169,100	2,607,426
Kuban (Кубань)	Krasnodar	Krai	76,000	5,125,221
Krasnoyarsk (Красноя́рск)	Krasnoyarsk	Krai	2,339,700	2,966,042
Primorsky (Приморский)	Vladivostok	Krai	165,900	2,071,210
Stavropol (Ставрополь)	Stavropol	Krai	66,500	2,735,139
Khabarovsk (Хаба́ровск)	Khabarovsk	Krai	788,600	1,436,570
Kamchatka (Камча́тка)	Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky	Krai	472,300	358,801
Perm (Пермь)	Perm	Krai	160,600	2,819,421
Zabaykalsky (Забайкальский)	Chita	Krai	431,500	1,155,346
Amur (Аму́р)	Blagoveshchensk	Oblast	363,700	902,844
Arkhangelsk (Арха́нгельск)	Arkhangelsk	Oblast	587,400	1,336,539
Astrakhan (Астрахань)	Astrakhan	Oblast	44,100	1,005,276
Belgorod (Белгород)	Belgorod	Oblast	27,100	1,511,620
Bryansk (Брянск)	Bryansk	Oblast	34,900	1,378,941
Vladimir (Влади́мир)	Vladimir	Oblast	29,000	1,523,990
Volgograd (Волгогра́д)	Volgograd	Oblast	113,900	2,699,223
Vologda (Вологда)	Vologda (Largest city: Cherepovets)	Oblast	145,700	1,269,568
Voronezh (Воронеж)	Voronezh	Oblast	52,400	2,378,803
Ivanovo (Иваново)	Ivanovo	Oblast	21,800	1,148,329
Irkutsk (Иркутск)	Irkutsk	Oblast	767,900	2,581,705
Kaluga (Калу́га)	Kaluga	Oblast	29,900	1,041,641
Kemerovo (Ке́мерово)	Kemerovo	Oblast	95,500	2,899,142
Kirov (Ки́ров)	Kirov	Oblast	120,800	1,503,529
Kostroma (Кострома́)	Kostroma	Oblast	60,100	736,641
Kurgan (Курган)	Kurgan	Oblast	71,000	1,019,532
Kursk (Курск)	Kursk	Oblast	29,800	1,235,091
Petrograd (Петроград)	Largest city: Gatchina	Oblast	84,500	1,669,205
Lipetsk (Липецк)	Lipetsk	Oblast	24,100	1,213,499
Magadan (Магадан)	Magadan	Oblast	461,400	182,726
Moscow Oblast (Моско́вская о́бласть)	Largest city: Balashikha	Oblast	44,300	6,618,538
Murmansk (Му́рманск)	Murmansk	Oblast	144,900	892,534
Nizhny Novgorod (Нижний Новгород)	Nizhny Novgorod	Oblast	76,900	3,524,028
Novgorod (Новгород)	Veliky Novgorod	Oblast	55,300	694,355
Novosibirsk (Новосиби́рск)	Novosibirsk	Oblast	178,200	2,692,251
Omsk (Омск)	Omsk	Oblast	139,700	2,079,220
Orenburg (Оренбург)	Orenburg	Oblast	124,000	2,179,551
Oryol (Орёл)	Oryol	Oblast	24,700	860,262
Penza (Пе́нза)	Penza	Oblast	43,200	1,452,941
Pskov (Псков)	Pskov	Oblast	55,300	760,810
Rostov (Ростов)	Rostov-on-Don	Oblast	100,800	4,404,013
Ryazan (Рязань)	Ryazan	Oblast	39,600	1,227,910
Sakhalin (Сахали́н)	Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk	Oblast	87,100	546,695
Samara (Сама́ра)	Samara	Oblast	53,600	3,239,737
Saratov (Сара́тов)	Saratov	Oblast	100,200	2,668,310
Smolensk (Смоленск)	Smolensk	Oblast	49,800	1,049,574
Sverdlovsk (Свердло́вск)	Sverdlovsk	Oblast	194,800	4,486,214
Tambov (Тамбов)	Tambov	Oblast	34,300	1,178,443
Tomsk (Томск)	Tomsk	Oblast	316,900	1,046,039
Tula (Тула)	Tula	Oblast	25,700	1,675,758
Tver (Тверь)	Tver	Oblast	84,100	1,471,459
Tyumen (Тюмень)	Tyumen	Oblast	143,520	3,264,841
Ulyanovsk (Ульяновск)	Ulyanovsk	Oblast	37,300	1,382,811
Yaroslavl (Ярослáвль)	Yaroslavl	Oblast	36,400	1,367,398
Moscow (Москва)		Federal City	2,511	10,382,754
Saint Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург)		Federal City	1,439	4,662,547
Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть) (ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט)	Birobidzhan	Autonomous Oblast	36,000	190,915
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (Чукотский автономный округ) (Чукоткакэн автономныкэн округ)	Anadyr	Autonomous Okrug	737,700	53,824
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra (Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра) (Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной Округ)	Khanty-Mansiysk (Largest city: Surgut)	Autonomous Okrug	523,100	1,432,817
Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг) (Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук)	Naryan-Mar	Autonomous Okrug	176,700	41,546
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг) (Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук)	Salekhard (Largest city: Noyabrsk)	Autonomous Okrug	750,300	507,006