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Russian Federation Российская Федерация Timeline: Double Collapse: The Entire Collapse of Communism
OTL equivalent: Russia including Crimea but excluding Kaliningrad | ||||||
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Anthem: Патриотическая песня Patrioticheskaya Pesnya "The Patriotic Song" |
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Map location of Russia
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Capital | Moscow | |||||
Largest city | Petrograd | |||||
Official languages | Russian | |||||
Religion | 47.4% Christianity —41% Russian Orthodoxy —6.4% Other Christian 38.2% No religion 6.5% Islam 2.4% Others 5.5% Unanswered |
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Demonym | Russian | |||||
Government | Federal semi-presidential republic | |||||
- | President | Boris Nadezhdin | ||||
- | Vice President | Vladimir Ryzhkov | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Nikolay Rybakov | ||||
Legislature | Federal Assembly | |||||
- | Upper house | Federation Council | ||||
- | Lower house | State Duma | ||||
Population | ||||||
- | 2023 estimate | 143,054,637 | ||||
GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $7.290 trillion (5th) | ||||
- | Per capita | $50,960 | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $5.016 trillion (4th) | ||||
- | Per capita | $34,993 | ||||
Currency | Russian ruble | |||||
Time zone | UTC+2 to +12 | |||||
Calling code | +7 |
Russia (Russian: Россия), or the Russian Federation (RF), is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world by area, covering over 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670 sq mi), and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across eleven time zones and borders sixteen sovereign nations, the most of any country in the world. It is the ninth-most populous country and the most populous country in Europe, with a population of 145.5 million. The country's capital city is Moscow, the largest city entirely within Europe. Petrograd is Russia's cultural centre and largest city. Other major urban areas include Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan.
The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. The medieval state of Kievan Rus' arose in the 9th century. In 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, and among its principalities, the Grand Duchy of Moscow rose and grew to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to evolve into the Russian Empire, the third-largest empire in history. The monarchy was abolished following the Russian Revolution in 1917, and the Russian SFSR became the world's first constitutionally socialist state. Following a civil war, the Russian SFSR established the Soviet Union with three other republics, as its largest and the principal constituent. The country underwent a period of rapid industrialisation at the expense of millions of lives. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II and emerged as a superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first human into space.
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the newly independent Russian SFSR renamed itself the Russian Federation. In the aftermath of the constitutional crisis of 1993, a new constitution was adopted, and Russia has since been governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. Since the election of democratic Yabloko in 2000, Russia has experienced in transition from oligarchy to democracy, shifting into an democratic republic.
The Russian economy is the world's fourth-largest by nominal GDP and the fifth-largest by PPP (ranked higher than OTL because of democratic and free market reforms) in 2022. Also it has a GDP per capita (PPP) of $45325 in 2021 which is classified as a developed economy. It is a recognised nuclear-weapons state, possessing the world's largest stockpile of nuclear weapons until it's decreases, with the fourth-highest military expenditure. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the world's largest, and it is among the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a member of the G20, the SCO, BRICS, OECD the APEC, the OSCE and the WTO, as well as the leading member of the CIS, the CSTO, and the EAEU, Russia is also home of 30 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Etymology[]
The name Russia is derived from Rus', a medieval state populated primarily by the East Slavs. However, the proper name became more prominent in later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants "Rus land". This state is denoted as Kievan Rus' after its capital city by modern historiography. The name Rus' itself comes from the early medieval Rus' people, a group of Norse merchants and warriors who relocated from across the Baltic Sea and founded a state centred on Novgorod that later became Kievan Rus'.
A Medieval Latin version of the name Rus' was Ruthenia, which was used as one of several designations for East Slavic and Eastern Orthodox regions, and commonly as a designation for the lands of Rus'. The current name of the country, Россия (Rossiya), comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Rus', Ρωσσία Rossía – spelled Ρωσία (Rosía pronounced [roˈsia]) in Modern Greek. The standard way to refer to the citizens of Russia is "Russians" in English. There are two words in Russian which are commonly translated into English as "Russians" – one is "русские" (russkiye), which most often refers to ethnic Russians – and the other is "россияне" (rossiyane), which refers to citizens of Russia, regardless of ethnicity.
History[]
Early post-Soviet era (1991-1999)[]
Liberalisation and economic prosperity (1999-2008)[]
Main article: Russian Economic Miracle (Double Collapse)
Year | Growth |
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1999 | 10.1% |
2000 | 13.5% |
2001 | 10.5% |
2002 | 11.1% |
2003 | 11.8% |
2004 | 12% |
2005 | 12% |
2006 | 12.4% |
2007 | 13% |
2008 | 11.6% |
Such a sustained double digit gdp per capita growth for almost a decade is unprecedented before the 2000s (the Asian tigers only have 8 percent average per capita gdp growth at their peak and can only maintain 10+ per capita GDP growth rate for no more than 4 consecutive years)
Transition towards developed economy (2009-present)[]
table 2 : real gdp per capita growth in russia between 2009-2021
2009 5.4% (oil price crashed+bursting of Russian economic bubble)
2010 9.4%
2011 6.4%
2012 6.1%
2013 3.9%
2014 1.4%(oil crash)
2015 0.3% (oil crash)
2016 1.8%
2017 2.8%
2018 3.5%
(no covid 19, no sino-us trade war, therefore assume oil price after 2017 constant)
2019 3.3%
2020 3.2%
2021 3.4%
2022 3.7%
Geography[]
TBA
Government and politics[]
Main article: Politics of Russia
Russia, by constitution, is an asymmetric federal republic, with a semi-presidential system, wherein the president is the head of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. It is structured as a multi-party representative democracy, with the federal government composed of three branches:
- Legislative: The bicameral Federal Assembly of Russia, made up of the 450-member State Duma and the 170-member Federation Council, adopts federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse and the power of impeachment of the president.
- Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, and appoints the Government of Russia (Cabinet) and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies. The president may issue decrees of unlimited scope, so long as they do not contradict the constitution or federal law.
- Judiciary: The Constitutional Court, Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president, interpret laws and can overturn laws they deem unconstitutional.
The president is elected by popular vote for a six-year term and may be elected no more than twice. Ministries of the government are composed of the premier and his deputies, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (whereas the appointment of the latter requires the consent of the State Duma).
Political divisions[]
Main article: Political divisions of Russia