Second American Civil War (From Sea to Shining Sea)

Second American Civil War
Part of the Interwar period
Date November 27, 1932 - November 29, 1936 (four years and two days) Location North America Result Victory for the Workers' Liberation Army in the contiguous United States, and Alaskan territory. Successful Communist Revolution in the United Socialist Republics of America Mainland America loses most external territories Diaspora of Conservative or 'Blue' Americans to Canada, the British Empire, France and Japan. Billions of dollars from wartime damage Territorial changes Dissolution of the United States of America Establishment of the United Socialist Republics of America Independence of Puerto Rico Annexation of the US Virgin Islands by Puerto Rico, American Samoa and Guam by United Kingdom. Panama Canal Zone is taken by League of Nations mandate under British and Colombian supervision. Independence of the Philippines and the Kingdom of Hawaii from America under Japanese protection.
Belligerents
Revolutionary Forces Workers Liberation Army People's Republic of California Commune of Georgetown Commune of Chicago Commune of Detroit Commune of Pittsburgh Provisional and revolutionary governing councils in liberated territories Co-Belligerents Democratic Republic of Russia (until 1935) Mexico (after 1933)	Provisional Government of the United States of America League of Nations (as mediator) United Kingdom Canada Australia France Japan	Newly independent states: Puerto Rico Philippines Kingdom of Hawaii
Commanders and leaders
Sarah Leslie Leon Trotsky	General George Marshall Ramsay MacDonald (1932-35) Stanley Baldwin (1935-36) R. B. Bennett (1932-35) William Lyon Mackenzie King (1935-36) Joseph Lyons Albert Lebrun	James R. Beverley Edmund Root (1932-33) George A. Alexander (1933-36) Manuel L. Quezon
Strength
125,000	85,000	unknown
Casualties and losses
2.75 million	2.5 million	unknown

The Second American Civil War was a four-year armed conflict fought in the 1930s that spanned across the North American continent as well as outlying islands in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The war was the result of the Second American Revolution and the decline of America's first nation state. Decades of industrialization as well as curbing of civil liberties for leftist activists incited the original socialist uprisings of 1932. The standing U.S army as well as many old state government and right forces fought for counterrevolution.

The Second American Civil War was the most deadly known conflict to ever occur on the continent of North America and in the history of the American State. Resulting in at least the death of five million combatants and civilians. The modern American Government blames 'right wing forces' and intervention by Colonial Powers as the causes of excessive casualties.

History

Prelude

Main Article: Second American Revolution On November 23, 1932, Washington DC was captured by members of the American Workers Party. Following this event, California and Chicago along with Washington, DC, which was renamed Georgetown, declared themselves to be "socialist republics" united together in a military alliance.

Capitalists, businessmen, United States loyalists, and people opposed the establishment of a communist state organized a provisional government of the United States in opposition of the revolutionaries. The new provisional government was organized and recognized as the legitimate American government by almost every country in the world, with the exception of Russia. In response, the United States threatened to launch troops into California and Chicago. Following several workers strikes, the United States declared martial law and relocated the capital from Washington, DC to New York City in an attempt to stabilize the country. This further destabilized the country, resulting in increasing civil unrest and revolutionary movements. To prevent its collapse, the military organized a coup seizing power, until order and government could be stabilized. Finally, on November 27, 1932, the United States formally declared war on the new republics.

War

The United States sent military forces to California and Chicago, as well as invading the de facto capital of the communist rebellion, Georgetown. The attempt failed, as it forced revolutionary to band together, forming the Workers' Liberation Army to fight the invasion. The Workers' Liberation Army repelled the invasion pushed further into United States territory.

While the United States started with a larger military and population, communists possessed a larger industry and a large amount of supporters in the United States. The Workers' Liberation Army sent its navy to invade New York City, in an attempt to capture the capital. The invasion at first failed, so the fleet began a siege of the city. This forced the United States Army to retreat to New York. As the United States Army and Navy attempted to stop the invasion, its government began to break down.

Intervention

The ongoing Revolution in the United States deeply unsettled the western countries. The United States had previously played a deciding role in WWI and had set a precedence of authority in the Atlantic Ocean. Lost to a revolution this source of stability would evaporate. At the same time conservative British officials were concerned about a possible invasion of Canada by the revolutionaries or an American inspired revolution among the British working class. Commonwealth members agreed and France fearing a future American strike on her Asian colonies from the Philippines also agreed to intervene.

Japan, coming to its own as a separate World Power felt threatened by the Revolution in America. Many of Japan's right wing leaders previously eager to drive western imperialism out of Asia but were intimidated by Russian collaboration's with American Communists. They feared a joint Russian-American invasion upon Sakhalin and Hokkaido from the north. Japanese leftists also voiced their support for America's uprising.

The western powers acted jointly in their intervention and encouraged Japan to join a coalition as League of Nations mission to restore order. Japan after deliberation agreed, but in reality conducted their own mission to attempt to keep Russia and America's revolutionaries apart from each other. The American territories of the Philippines, Hawaii, Guam and Samoa became of great interest to military planners of Japan and UK.

Resistance and Conclusion

With the army concentrated on the capital, the Workers' Freedom Army easily broke through the country's borders and started to annexed United States territory. Communists, who were increasing in numbers, revolted against the army, seized control of their states and then declared themselves to be "socialist republics", accelerating the United States' collapse. Anti-Red partisans as the most determined anti Communists rose up on their own accord as the old United States collapsed. In the last stages of the war, partisans were the most effective force of counter revolution.

United States soldiers, seeing the war as a lost cause, began defecting to the new republics or joining anti-Communist partisans, weakening the United States' defense. By 1936, New York was the last remnant of the United States, slowly being conquered by the Workers' Liberation Army. Finally, on November 29, 1936, general George Marshall, provisional president of the United States, surrendered to the revolutionary forces, ending the civil war.

Aftermath

With its surrender, the United States was dissolved, and its territory and citizens were incorporated into newly formed socialist republics. These now were united under the Treaty and Constitution on the Creation of the United Socialist Republics of America as the "United Socialist Republics of America". With the former United States gone, Alaska was secured as a new territory while remaining United States territories such as Puerto Rico, Hawaii, the Philippines, the Canal Zone, Samoa and Guam either becoming independent or incorporated into surrounding countries.

The USRA quickly lead socialist revolutions in these new nations, though due to its own instability, these revolutions failed. This failure convinced the USRA to stabilize before leading revolutions to create socialist states. While the USRA would emerge as a superpower after World War II, it would not be until 1946 that the damage caused by the civil war would be fully repaired. The victory of the USRA was seen by the American people as a reason why communism was an ideology that could succeed, leading them to support a communist revolution in Japan, creating the Democratic People's Republic of Japan.