Changes: Second American Civil War (From Sea to Shining Sea)

Second American Civil War
	Part of the Interwar period
Date	November 27, 1932 - November 29, 1936; (four years and two days)
Location	North America
Result	Victory for the Workers' Liberation Army in the contiguous United States, and Alaskan territory.; Successful Communist Revolution in the United Socialist Republics of America ; Mainland America loses most external territories ; Diaspora of Conservative or 'Blue' Americans to Canada, the British Empire, France and Japan. ; Billions of dollars from wartime damage
Territorial; changes	Dissolution of the United States of America; Establishment of the United Socialist Republics of America; Independence of Puerto Rico; Annexation of the US Virgin Islands by Puerto Rico, American Samoa and Guam by United Kingdom. ; Panama Canal Zone is taken by League of Nations mandate under British and Colombian supervision. ; Independence of the Philippines and the Kingdom of Hawaii from America under Japanese protection.
Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
Strength
Casualties and losses

Revision as of 14:38, 30 April 2018

The Second American Civil War was a four-year armed conflict fought in the 1930s that spanned across the North American continent as well as outlying islands in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The war was the result of the Second American Revolution and the decline of America's first nation-state. Decades of industrialization as well as curbing of civil liberties for leftist activists incited the original socialist uprisings of 1932. The standing US Army, as well as many loyal state governments and militias, fought for the counterrevolution.

The Second American Civil War was the most deadly known conflict to ever occur on the continent of North America and in the history of the American State resulting in at least the death of five million combatants and civilians. The current American Government blames 'right-wing forces' and intervention by Imperialist Powers as the causes of excessive casualties.

The Civil War permanently realigned the society and economy of whole regions of the United States. Industrial areas were re-purposed for war-capacity by revolutionaries and remained as a centers for America's military-industrial complex until the 21st century.

History

Prelude

After the suppression of the Bonus Army Rebellion in July 1938 capitalists, businessmen, United States loyalists, and people that opposed the establishment of a communist state called of the establishment of a provisional government in opposition of the revolutionaries.

This plot, or the Businesses Plot as it was called later, also formed part of a plan to prevent the swearing of the elected president Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his reformist platform into office. For many FDR was too soft on communism and at worst a crypto communist and a traitor. The newly formed Provisional Government under the Senate's President pro tempore republican George H. Moses was organized and recognized as the legitimate American government by almost every country, with the exception of Russia. Moses, invoking the War Powers Clause of the Constitution, declared a state of emergency, the command of the Armed forces and the suspension of the results of the election of November 8 1932.

On November 23, 1932, Washington DC was captured by members of the American Workers Party. Following this event, California and Chicago along with Washington, DC, which was renamed as the Georgetown Commune, declared themselves to be "socialist republics" united together in a military alliance. In response, the provisional threatened to launch troops into California and Chicago.

Following several workers strikes, the Provisional Government United States declared martial law and relocated the capital from Washington, DC to New York City in an attempt to stabilize the country. This further destabilized the country, resulting in increasing civil unrest and revolutionary movements in several cities and states. To prevent its collapse, the military was called to organized a coup seizing power, until order and government could be stabilized under the leadership of General George Marshall. On November 27, 1932, the Provisional Government formally declared war on the new republics.

War

The United States sent military forces to California and Chicago, as well as invading the de facto capital of the communist rebellion, Georgetown. The attempt failed, as it forced revolutionaries to band together, forming the Workers' Liberation Army to fight the invasion. The Workers' Liberation Army repelled the invasion pushed farther into United States territory.

While the United States started with a larger military and population, communists possessed a larger industry and a large amount of supporters in the United States. The Workers' Liberation Army sent its navy to invade New York City, in an attempt to capture the capital. The invasion at first failed, so the fleet began a siege of the city. This forced the United States Army to retreat to New York. As the United States Army and Navy attempted to stop the invasion, its government began to break down.

The US Navy busy in blocking the Atlantic Coast was unprepared for the Californian revolt, in the far west many sailors defected to the Revolutionary Cause. American Navy Personnel in Hawaii were tasked with responding to insurgency from Hawaiian Natives and White leftists. The Imperial Japanese Navy appeared with the public intention of supporting the U.S military maintain governance of Hawaii but in reality assumed true control of the archipelago territory..

In the Southeast sharecropping largely collapsed, through traces remained in Socialist America. African Americans and portions of working class White Anglo-Americans attacked the traditional agrarian elite. Right wing partisans aligned with several white supremacist groups fought a brutal guerrilla struggle to preserve the traditional class and race based caste system of segregation that existed in America's southern states.

In Appalachia the civil war was a struggle between mobs and warring groups. Appalachians had mixed loyalties. In certain cities such as modern day Wheeling Pennsylvania coal miners overran local government. Overall Appalachians supported the Provisional Government just as they had supported the American Federal Government in the first Civil War. All Appalachians were guided in securing their own sovereignty. Their choice of sides revolved around which offered most autonomy.

In many areas the Provisional Government of the United States resorted to a scorched earth policy to prevent revolutionaries from crossing the heart of the United States. The move slowed the advance of leftist forces but many rural Americans became disaffected believing the provisional government had abandoned them.

The small but concentrated pockets of Native Americans in the West of America took the opportunity to declare independence from the federal government and recover their lands. Provisional Cavalry brigades of the US Army attempted to crush Native uprisings. , Apaches, and Sioux fought successfully against overextended Provisional Government Forces. The Iroquois as an eastern tribe bore the brunt of government campaigns.

The Workers Liberation Army supported the Natives in name but seldom got involved in local conflicts directly. Certain Southern Native tribes aligned with the Provisional Government in exchange for promises of greater autonomy. The Catawba of the South Carolina Republic supported the Provisional Government.

Intervention

The ongoing Revolution in the United States deeply unsettled the western countries. The United States had previously played a deciding role in WWI and had set a precedence of authority in the Atlantic Ocean. Lost to a revolution this source of stability would evaporate. At the same time conservative British officials were concerned about a possible invasion of Canada by the revolutionaries or an American inspired revolution among the British working class. Commonwealth members agreed and France fearing a future American strike on her Asian colonies from the Philippines also agreed to intervene.

Japan, coming into its own as a separate World Power felt threatened by the Revolution in America. Many of Japan's right wing leaders previously eager to drive western imperialism out of Asia but were intimidated by Russian collaboration's with American Communists. They feared a joint Russian-American invasion upon Sakhalin and Hokkaido from the north. Japanese leftists also voiced their support for America's uprising.

The western powers acted jointly in their intervention and encouraged Japan to join a coalition as League of Nations' mission to restore order. Japan after deliberation agreed, but in reality conducted their own mission to attempt to keep Russia and America's revolutionaries apart from each other. The American territories of the Philippines, Hawaii, Guam and Samoa became of great interest to military planners of Japan and UK.

Resistance and Conclusion

With the Army concentrated on the capital, the Workers' Freedom Army easily broke or were established through the country's borders and started to liberate, or occupy in word of their foes, United States territory. Revolutionaries, who were increasing in numbers, revolted against the US Army and National Guard, seized control of their states and declaring themselves "socialist republics", accelerating the United States' collapse. Anti-Red partisans as the most determined anti Communists rose up on their own accord as the old United States collapsed. In the last stages of the war, Anti-Red partisans were the most effective and hard fighting force of counter revolution.

United States soldiers, seeing the war as a lost cause, began defecting to the new republics or joining anti-Communist partisans, weakening the United States' defense. By late 1936 the northern states were the last remnant of the old American Government, slowly being conquered by the Workers' Liberation Army. Finally, on November 29, 1936, general George Marshall, provisional president of the United States, surrendered to the revolutionary forces, ending the civil war. Most U.S government soldiers disarmed and began to return home, pockets of resistance remained in Southern and Mountainous areas. With the exception of the US Navy the help in the evacuation of the remains of the Provisional Government and refugees to Cuba, Canada and Europe.

Aftermath

Under the terms of surrender the majority of soldiers from the former U.S. government were granted amnesty, continuing a tradition from America's first Civil War. Terms stipulated, however, that certain officers and 'rogues' could face punishment for unsanctioned war crimes. Unsanctioned war-crimes referred to an infamous scorched earth policy that had take place on the Great Plains and racial crimes that occurred in the former southern states and in general actions against civilians that violated the rules of war. Trials were carried out by revolutionary tribunals with the majority of defendants sentenced to death.

With its surrender, the United States was dissolved, and its territory and citizens were incorporated into newly formed socialist republics of what were the former US States. These were now united under the Declaration of the Creation of the United Socialist Republics of America signed by the Provisional Revolutionary Council. An elected constituent assembly was called to draft a National Constitution of the revolutionary state.

With the former United States gone, Alaska was secured as a new territory while remaining United States territories such as Puerto Rico, Hawaii, the Philippines, the Canal Zone, Samoa and Guam either becoming independent or incorporated into surrounding countries.

The USRA quickly lead socialist revolutions in these new nations, though due to its own instability, these revolutions failed. This failure convinced the USRA to stabilize before leading revolutions to create socialist states. While the USRA would emerge as a superpower after World War II, it would not be until 1946 that the damage caused by the civil war would be fully repaired. The victory of the USRA was seen by the American people as a reason why communism was an ideology that could succeed, leading them to support a communist revolution in Japan, creating the Democratic People's Republic of Japan.

@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 In many areas the Provisional Government of the United States resorted to a scorched earth policy to prevent revolutionaries from crossing the heart of the United States. The move slowed the advance of leftist forces but many rural Americans became disaffected believing the provisional government had abandoned them.
-The small but concentrated pockets of Native Americans in the West of America took the opportunity to declare independence from the federal government and recover their lands. Provisional Cavalry brigades of the US Army attempted to crush Native uprisings. The Iroquois, Apaches, and Sioux fought successfully against overextended Provisional Government Forces
+The small but concentrated pockets of Native Americans in the West of America took the opportunity to declare independence from the federal government and recover their lands. Provisional Cavalry brigades of the US Army attempted to crush Native uprisings. , Apaches, and Sioux fought successfully against overextended Provisional Government Forces. The Iroquois as an eastern tribe bore the brunt of government campaigns.
-The Workers Liberation Army supported the Natives in name but seldom got involved in local conflicts directly. Certain Southern Native tribes aligned with the Provisional Government in exchange for promises of greater autonomy. The Catawba supported the Provisional Government.
+The Workers Liberation Army supported the Natives in name but seldom got involved in local conflicts directly. Certain Southern Native tribes aligned with the Provisional Government in exchange for promises of greater autonomy. The Catawba of the South Carolina Republic supported the Provisional Government.
 === Intervention ===