Second American Revolution (From Sea to Shining Sea)

Second American Revolution
Other names	American Workers' Revolution
Participants	United States citizens, Bonus Army, communists, anarchists, technocrats, Russian government, etc.
Location	United States of America
Date	July Revolution: July 28, 1932 November Revolution: November 23, 1932
Result	Resignation of Herbert Hoover and Charles Curtis Collapse of the United States Federal Government Collapse of the John Nance Garner Government Creation of communist-controlled Washington, D.C., California, and Hawaii Beginning of the Second American Civil War

The Second American Revolution, commonly known as the American Workers' Revolution to distinguish itself from the American Revolution of the 18th century, is the title given to the pair of revolution that occurred in the United States in 1932, which lead to the end of the United States, and its replacement with a communist state.

History

Background

Following a failed revolution in 1925, the United States government established 51 workers' councils throughout the country, one in each state, organized incorporated territory, and the federal district of Washington, D.C.. Officially, the workers' councils ruled alongside the government of the states, though in reality they possessed no power. This brought with it opposition by the majority of the states' workers' councils, labor organizations, and small left-wing parties. This resulted in the formation of the American Workers' Association, a loose alliance between workers' councils, labor unions, and left-wing organizations and political parties, in 1928. In 1929, a school teacher and communist, Sarah Leslie, was elected as leader of the association by its members. Under her leadership, the American Workers' Association was united into a new political party: the American Workers' Party. Shortly afterward, the Stock Market Crash of 1929 occurred, starting the Great Depression. This boosted the popularity of the party, which outgrew the Republican Party by September of 1931. Leslie urged that through a revolution to overthrow capitalism and give ownership of the means of production to the working class. This, combined with discontent of the government due to its failure to give jobs to its citizens, caused the United States to erupt into revolution in 1932.

July Revolution

Main Article: July Revolution

On July 28, in protest of the Senate voting against the Bonus Bill, unpaid US veterans camped out in the Hooverville in Anacostia Flats. The military was ordered to disperse the protesters. They were pushed out of the capital, but when the military was ordered to Pennsylvania Avenue to disband the Bonus Marchers completely, the army mutinied. With his army against him, Hoover and his vice president Charles Curtis resigned and left the Speaker of the House of Representatives, John Nance Garner, as temporary president. John Nance Garner then increased the power of the workers' councils as he established a provisional government to appease the growing socialist movement and prevent the overthrow of the United States.

July 29 to November 22: peace between revolutions

Hoover left the presidential race, and Franklin D. Roosevelt become president-elect. After election day, rumors of the Businesses Plot, a supposed fascist coup to overthrow the government, was received by the Washington, D.C. Workers' Council. The leader of the Workers' Council and the American Workers' Party, Sarah Leslie, had secretly planned a takeover of the capital, and gained support of the Russian Prime Minister Leon Trotsky. With the United States Government now hated by a majority of citizens, Leslie convinced the people of Washington, D.C. that their government and capitalism had failed them and that it was time to exercise their right of revolution. After workers' councils were informed of the uprising, she was ready to take the capital.

November Revolution

Main Article: November Revolution

Marching through the streets of the city, a coalition army of communists, anarchists, and anti-capitalists lead by Leslie easily broke through the Capital's defenses using weapons provided by the Russian government. After taking control of the city, government officials were sent to prison, and Leslie signed the New American Constitution, completing the revolution. Leslie become president, while the city's workers' council was made legislature and revolutionaries were selected by Leslie as members of the Constitutional Court. Non-communists were allowed only a limited number of seats in the new government that controlled the city, the Republic of Georgetown. When news of the revolution, many states began holding referendums to determine their future. Georgetown announced it would join any other breakaway republics in a military alliance.

Aftermath

Main Article: Second American Civil War

While most citizens supported the new governments, the United States military, their supporters, and any opponents to communism moved to New York City, declaring it the temporary capital of the United States. The military seized control of this provisional government to prevent its collapse, putting the United States under a military dictatorship which canceled state referendums. The United States began an invasion of the Washington, D.C. and established its authority across the country, though not before the state of California and territory of Hawaii joined in an alliance with Georgetown. The United States military suffered near constant uprisings by its citizens, which, while most were unsuccessful, it weakened their authority, allowing the defeat and dissolution of the United States, and its replacement with the communist government. The revolution resulted in the Red Scare across most of the world, in which governments lead public campaigns against communism, anarchism, and radical leftism.