| Kingdom of Spain Reino de España (Spanish) Timeline: DifferentlyRegnum Hispaniae (Latin) | ||||||
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| Motto: Plus Ultra (Latin) "Further Beyond" |
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| Anthem: "Marcha Real" "Royal March" |
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 Location of Spain (green)
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| Capital (and largest city) | Madrid | |||||
| Official languages | Spanish • Latin | |||||
| Other languages | Galician • Asturian-Leonese • Catalan • Occitan • Basque | |||||
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy | |||||
| - | Monarch | Isabella IV | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Macarena Olona | ||||
| Legislature | Cortes Generales | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | Congress of Deputies | ||||
| Establishment | ||||||
| - | de-facto | 20 January 1479 | ||||
| - | de-jure | 9 June 1715 | ||||
| - | Current constitution | 30 June 1975 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 505,990 km2 195,364 sq mi |
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| Population | ||||||
| - | Estimate | 46.7 million (38th) | ||||
| Currency | Spanish peseta (₧) (ESP) | |||||
Spain (Spanish: España; Latin: Hispania), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España; Latin: Regnum Hispaniae), is a country occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula, bordered by Portugal to the west, France and Andorra to the northwest and bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the Mediterranean Sea on the south and east.
Its surface area of 505,990 square kilometers makes Spain the third-largest country in Europe and the 54th-largest in the world. With a population of over 46.7 million inhabitants, it is the seventh-most populous country in Europe and the 38th in the world.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a parliamentary monarchy, with Queen Isabel as head of state. It is a major developed country and a high income country, with the world's fourteenth largest economy by nominal GDP and sixteenth largest by purchasing power parity. Spain is a founding member of the League of Nations and the European Union, and is a member of PANTO.
History[]
The region of present-day Spain was inhabited by many different peoples in ancient times. It came under Roman rule around 200 BC with the name Hispania. In the 6th century, centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire, the region was invaded by Germanic peoples such as the Vandals and Visigoths. When the dominating Visigothic Kingdom started to collapse in the 8th century, a handful of Latin kingdoms re-formed in the north and quickly expanded towards south. For the following centuries, they engaged in economical activity and cultural exchange with the Berber Christian nations of northern Africa, and this included many technological and scientific innovations coming from the Library of Alexandria in Egypt, during the Egyptian Golden Age. The kingdoms of Portugal, Castile and Aragon formed during this time. Castile and Aragon unified politically in 1469 with the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, forming the modern nation of Spain. In the 16th century, Spain became the world's first global empire and one of the most powerful countries in the world, establishing colonies in most of the Americas, which became the Spanish America today, and in the Philippines in Asia.
From 1936 to 1940, the Iberian War, a conflict between the monarchist government and republican rebels, was fought in Spain. Foreign countries such as Portugal and Brazil participated on the war.
States of Spain[]
  Map of the Spanish States |
  Current distribution of the political parties that rule each state |
| State | Provinces | Capital City | Regional Languages | President (Political Party) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bética | Cádiz, Córdoba, Huelva, Málaga, Sevilla | Sevilla |  Inmaculada Nieto (Worker Class Party) | |
| Aragón | Huesca, Teruel, Zaragoza | Zaragoza | Occitan |  Javier Lambán (Socialist Party) |
| Asturias | Asturias | Oviedo | Asturian-Leonese |  Adrián Barbón (Socialist Party) |
| Balearic Islands | Balearic Islands | Palma de Mallorca | Balearic (Catalan dialect) |  Marga Prohens (Conservative Party) |
| Basque State | Álava, Guipúzcoa, Navarra, Vizcaya | Vitoria-Gasteiz | Basque |  María Chivite (Socialist Party) |
| Canary Islands | Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife | Santa Cruz de Tenerife |  Carmen Hernández (New Canaries) | |
| Castile | Ávila, Burgos, Cantabria, La Rioja, Palencia, Segovia, Soria, Valladolid | Burgos |  Juan García-Gallardo (New Force) | |
| Catalonia | Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, Tarragona | Barcelona | Catalan and Occitan |  Alba Vergés (Free Catalonia) |
| Ceuta | Federal City | Ceuta |  Fátima Hamed Hossain (Movement for Dignity and Citizenship) | |
| Extremadura | Badajoz, Cáceres | Mérida |  María Guardiola (Conservative Party) | |
| Galicia | A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense, Pontevedra | Santiago de Compostela | Galician |  Ana Pontón (Galician Nationalist Bloc) |
| Granada | Almería, Granada, Jaén, Murcia | Granada |  César Girón (Socialist Party) | |
| La Mancha | Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Toledo | Toledo |  Paco Núñez (Conservative Party) | |
| León | León, Salamanca, Zamora | León | Asturian-Leonese |  Alicia Gallego González (Leonese People's Union) |
| Madrid | Madrid | Madrid |  Manuela Bergerot (Worker Class Party) | |
| Melilla | Federal City | Melilla |  Dunia Almansouri (Coalition for Melilla) | |
| Valencian State | Alicante, Castellón, Valencia | Valencia | Valencian (Catalan dialect) |  Ana Vega (New Force) |
Sports[]
Spain has hosted twice the Summer Olympic Games, the first time in the year 1992 on the city of Barcelona and the second one in 2020, on Madrid. Spain also hosted, alongside Portugal, the 2005 FIFA World Cup and won the 2000, 2010 World Cups, the 2009 UEFA European Championship and 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup. Spain's masculine national team has also won the UEFA European Championship, in 2009 and 2013, being the only national team to have won the Championship twice in a row. The Spanish teams are very successful, stands out Real Madrid with 10 UEFA Champions League won. But other teams, like Deportivo La Coruña, Athletic Club de Bilbao and Valencia C.F. have also won said tournament. On the UEFA Women's Champions League, Rayo Vallecano and F.C. Barcelona have won the tournament twice for each team.
Music[]
Spain has won the Eurovision Song Contest four times, on 1990, 2001, 2022 and 2023.
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