| Spanish Republic República Española Timeline: Double Collapse: The Entire Collapse of Communism
OTL equivalent: Spain excluding Catalonia, Basque Country and Galicia | ||||||
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| Motto: Plus ultra (Latin) (English: "Further Beyond") |
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| Anthem: Himno de Riego Anthem of Riego |
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 Location of Spain (dark green)
– in the European Union (green) |
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| Capital | Madrid | |||||
| Official languages | Spanish | |||||
| Demonym | Spanish | |||||
| Government | Federal parliamentary republic | |||||
| - | President | Inés Arrimadas | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Macarena Olona | ||||
| Legislature | Cortes Generales | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | Congress of Deputies | ||||
| Formation | ||||||
| - | de-facto | 20 January 1479 | ||||
| - | de-jure | 9 June 1715 | ||||
| - | Establishment of republic | 16 November 2019 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2022 estimate | 34,501,489 | ||||
| Currency | Euro (EUR) |
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| Drives on the | Right | |||||
Spain (Spanish: España), officially the Spanish Republic (Spanish: República Española), is a country in southwestern Europe with parts of territory in the Atlantic Ocean. It borders Portugal and Galicia to the west; Gibraltar to the south; and the Basque Country, France, Andorra and Catalonia to the north. Madrid is the nation's capital.
Historically, Spain has been relevant through the centuries. Being settled by humans around 40,000 years ago, it was one of the main centres of the Roman Republic and Empire during its glory days. After the division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD, the Western Roman Empire kept its control of Iberia until it collapsed. It remained under Christian rule until the Muslims came and took over the peninsula, ruling through several different kingdoms. Eventually, after the Reconquista, Christians took back the peninsula. For several centuries, modern-day Spain was divided among different kingdoms, the most important ones being the Kingdom of Castile and Aragon ruled by the Habsburgs. Spain then 'accidentally' discovered the Americas in 1492, and became the first country to colonise it.
In the early 18th century, after a fourteen-year war with Austria, Spain broke away from the Habsburgs and installed the Bourbon monarch, effectively unifying the country and officialising the Kingdom of Spain. Spain would become more close with France, becoming allies in the Seven Years' War and losing, although the two countries still remained good allies. After the Napoleonic Wars, however, Spain became drastically weaker, leading to instability that indirectly lead to the First Spanish Civil War in the 1930s. After an authoritarian regime lead by Francisco Franco from 1939 until his death in 1975, Spain restored the monarchy and began a transition into democracy. Despite granting more autonomy to its ethnic minorities, separatism gradually picked up in the 2010s, resulting in a second civil war that lead to the secession of Catalonia, the Basque Country and Galicia, and the proclamation of the modern day republic in 2019.