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Spanish Republic Timeline: Victory To The Rising Sun
República Española OTL equivalent: Spain | ||||||
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Motto: Plus Ultra (Latin) Further Beyond |
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Anthem: Himno de Riego ("Himno de Riego") |
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Spain (green)
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Capital | Madrid | |||||
Official languages | Spanish | |||||
Regional languages | Catalan • Basque • Galician | |||||
Demonym | Spaniard • Spanish | |||||
Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional republic | |||||
- | President | Macarena Olona | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Rocio Monasterio | ||||
Legislature | Cortes Generales | |||||
- | Upper house | Senate | ||||
- | Lower house | Congress of Deputies | ||||
Population | ||||||
- | 2016 estimate | 2,189,534 | ||||
Drives on the | right | |||||
Calling code | +34 |
Spain (Spanish: España), or the Republic of Spain (República Española), is a country primarily located in southwestern Europe with parts of territory in the Atlantic Ocean and across the Mediterranean Sea. The largest part of Spain is situated on the Iberian Peninsula; its territory also includes the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla in Africa. The country's mainland is bordered to the south by Gibraltar; to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea; to the north by France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second-largest country in the European Union (EU) and the fourth-most populous EU member state. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Málaga, Murcia, Palma de Mallorca, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Bilbao.
Anatomically modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 42,000 years ago. The ancient Iberian and Celtic tribes, along with other local pre-Roman peoples, dwelled the territory maintaining contacts with foreign Mediterranean cultures. The Roman conquest and colonization of the peninsula (Hispania) ensued, bringing the Romanization of the population. Receding of Western Roman imperial authority ushered in the invasion into Iberia of tribes from Central and Northern Europe with the Visigoths as the dominant power in the peninsula by the fifth century. In the early eighth century, most of the peninsula was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate, and during early Islamic rule, Al-Andalus became a dominant peninsular power centered in Córdoba. Several Christian kingdoms emerged in Northern Iberia, chief among them León, Castile, Aragon, Portugal, and Navarre; made an intermittent southward military expansion, known as Reconquista, repelling the Islamic rule in Iberia, which culminated with the Christian seizure of the Emirate of Granada in 1492. The dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon in 1479, often considered the formation of Spain as a country, was followed by the annexation of Navarre and the incorporation of Portugal during the Iberian Union. The Crowns of Spain, through the Spanish Inquisition, forced the Jewish and Muslim minorities to choose between conversion to Catholicism or expulsion, and eventually most of the converts were expelled from Iberia through different royal decrees.
A major country of the Age of Discovery, Spain began the conquest of the New World in 1492, giving rise to the Spanish Empire. Controlling vast portions of the Americas, parts of Africa, various territories in Asia, Oceania, as well as territory in other parts of Europe, the Spanish Empire became, in conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, the first empire to achieve a global scale and one of the largest empires in history. The empire's need for financing and the transatlantic trade underpinned the rise of a global trading system fueled primarily by precious metals. Centralisation and further state-building in mainland Spain ensued in the 18th century with the Bourbon reforms. In the 19th century the Crown saw the independence of most of its American colonies as a result of cumulative crises and political divisions after the Peninsular War. Political instability reached its peak in the 20th century with the Spanish Civil War, giving rise to the Francoist dictatorship that lasted until 1975. With the restoration of democracy under the Constitution of Spain following the revolution against Milans del Bosch's regime in 1989 and the entry into the European Union, the country experienced a profound economic, political and social change.
Spain is a secular parliamentary democracy and a federal constitutional republic. It has a mixed capitalist advanced economy, with the world's sixteenth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the sixteenth-largest by PPP. [UNDER PROGRESS]
Etymology[]
The name of Spain (España) comes from Hispania, the name used by the Romans for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces during the Roman Empire. The etymological origin of the term Hispania is uncertain, although the Phoenicians referred to the region as Spania (meaning "Land of rabbits"), therefore the most accepted theory is the Phoenician one. There have been a number of accounts and hypotheses of its origin:
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History[]
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