Kingdom of Spain Reino de España | ||||||
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Motto Plus Ultra (Latin) "Further Beyond" | ||||||
Anthem "Marcha Real" "Royal March" | ||||||
Spain in 1970
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Capital | Madrid | |||||
Languages | Spanish (official) | |||||
Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy under a personalist military dictatorship | |||||
Monarch | ||||||
- | 1935–1941 | Alfonso XII | ||||
- | 1941–1973 | Alfonso XIII | ||||
Prime Minister | ||||||
- | 1935–1973 | Francisco Franco | ||||
Legislature | Cortes Generales | |||||
History | ||||||
- | Franco seizure of power | 22 September 1935 | ||||
- | Iberian War | 17 July 1936 | ||||
- | Overthrow of Franco | 5 August 1973 | ||||
Currency | Spanish peseta |
From 1935 to 1973, the Kingdom of Spain was headed by a personalist military dictatorship headed by Francisco Franco. The dictatorship began with the military coup d'état organised by Franco in 1935, and ultimately ended in the Spanish Revolution in 1973, which resulted in King Alfonso XIII taking full authority.
The 1935 Spanish general election had resulted in socialist politician Francisco Largo Caballero becoming prime minister. Franco and a majority of the military opposed all socialist and communist movements, and protested the election of Caballero. Ultimately, Franco and radical factions of the military launched a military takeover of the government on 22 September 1935, overthrowing the brief socialist government. King Alfonso XII allowed Franco to remain in power and showed no opposition, allowing Franco to establish a personalist dictatorship. A year after the military takeover, radical communists lead by José Díaz proclaimed a revolutionary communist state in Zaragoza - Catalonia and Galicia also proclaimed independence from Spain, resulting in the Iberian War. Portugal sided with Spain during the conflict, and ultimately got rid of the revolts. After the war, the Spanish government established direct rule over Catalonia and Galicia.
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