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| Anthem | "The Republican Anthem" | ||||||
| Capital | Khartoum | ||||||
| Largest city | Omdurman | ||||||
| Language | Arabic, English | ||||||
| Demonym | Sudanese | ||||||
| Government | Federal presidential
constitutional republic | ||||||
| Independence | from the United Kingdom and Egypt | ||||||
| declared | 1 January 1956 | ||||||
| Currency | Sudanese pound (SDG) | ||||||
| Time Zone | +249 | ||||||
| Internet TLD | .sd, سودان. | ||||||
| Organizations | Arab League, UN, Africian Union, OIC, NAM, Commonwealth of Nations | ||||||
Sudan (Arabic: السودان, as-Sūdān), officially the Republic of the Sudan, is an Arab republic in the Nile Valley of North Africa, bordered by Egypt, the Red Sea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, Chad and Libya. The Nile River divides the country into eastern and western halves. Its predominant religion is Islam and Christianity. Almost one-fifth of Sudan's population lives below the international poverty line which means living on less than US$1.25 per day.
Sudan was the largest country in Africa and the Arab world until 2011, when South Sudan separated into an independent country, following an independence referendum. Sudan is now the third largest country in Africa (after Algeria and the Republic of Zaire) and also the third largest country in the Arab world (after Algeria and Saudi Arabia).
Sudan is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Non-Aligned Movement; as well as an observer in the World Trade Organization. Its capital is Khartoum, the political, cultural and commercial centre of the nation. It is a Federal presidential representative democratic republic. The politics of Sudan is regulated by a parliamentary organization called the National Assembly. The Sudanese legal system is based on Islamic and Christian law.
Sudan suffers from several challenges, for much of Sudan's history the nation has suffered from rampant ethnic strife and has been plagued by internal conflicts including two civil wars and the War in the Darfur region. Sudan suffers from poor human rights most particularly dealing with the issues of ethnic cleansing and slavery in the nation.
The Corruptions Perception Index, has indicated Sudan as one of the most corrupt nations in the world. According to the Global Hunger Index of 2013, Sudan has an GHI indicator value of 27.0 indicating that the nation has an 'Alarming Hunger Situation' and earning the nation the distinction of being the 5th hungriest nation in the world. Sudan ranked the 171st place in Human Development, indicating Sudan still has one of the lowest human development in the world.