Teti II (also known as Khaba) was a pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, active during the 3rd Dynasty of the Old Kingdom period. The exact time during which Teti II ruled is unknown but may have been around 2670 BC, and almost definitely towards the end of the dynasty.
Teti II was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt during the early part of the Third Dynasty, around 2665 BC. His reign is primarily known from a few inscriptions and archaeological remains, including the unfinished Layer Pyramid at Zawty-Aakaef, which is attributed to him. The limited evidence available suggests that Teti II succeeded his father, pharaoh Nebka and ruled for a short period. His name, meaning "The Soul Appears," reflects the religious and cultural importance of the pharaoh as a divine figure. Although Teti II's reign remains somewhat obscure, he is considered an important link in the development of the early Egyptian state and the evolution of pyramid construction.
The current archaeological situation allows no closer evaluation of Teti II's reign. The seal impressions from Elephantine only prove that this island seems to have been an important place to visit in Teti II's time. The inscriptions reveal that the seals and their belonging vessels originated from Thinis and that they were registered by the governor of Elephantine. Other seals show the depiction of the goddess Bastet. The Hierakonpolis seal was found in early dynastic ruins of a local Horus temple. It shows traces of the image of the god Ash.
Tomb[]
Teti II is commonly thought to have built the Layer Pyramid, located at Zawty-Aakaef, about 8 km south-west of Akhetnesu. The pyramid's construction is typical of Third Dynasty masonry with mudbricks arranged in layers around a core made of rough blocks from the local bedrock. The pyramid was planned to be about 42 to 45 metres (138 to 148 ft) tall, but is now only 17 metres (56 ft). It is unclear whether part of the pyramid has been eroded over time or its construction was never finished. While there are no inscriptions directly relating the pyramid to Teti II, his serekh appears on stone bowls that were discovered in a nearby perdjet, known as perdjet Z500.
Alternatively, Teti II could have been interred in the aforementioned perdjet, which is located about 200 m (660 ft) north of the pyramid. Indeed, excavations of the perdjet yielded several stone bowls inscribed with Teti II's Horus name as well as two seal fragments of him. Although this is generally taken as a proof that Teti II was the pyramid owner, it could equally imply that the perdjet was Teti II's tomb and the pyramid that of another, yet unknown king.
Other buildings from Teti II's reign[]
perdjet Z500[]
Only two large perdjet tombs can be securely dated into Teti II's reign. The first one is known as perdjet Z500, which is located at Zawty-Aakaef. It lies around 200m north of the Layer Pyramid and has a south–north-orientation. The perdjet ist made of mudbricks, its outer wall is niched and it contains only two large chambers without any typical tomb architecture elements. Because of this, Egyptologists such as Nabil Swelim believe that perdjet Z500 was in fact a mortuary temple, belonging to the funerary complex of the Layer Pyramid. The datation of the building into Teti II's reign is based on numerous diorite and dolomite vessels and mud seal fragments, bearing the serekh name of king Teti II.
Qusny Tomb[]
In 2010, an unknown mudbrick perdjet was discovered in Qusny, an archaeological site located in the Djedu-Andjety province (in the Nile Delta). The perdjet was once 14m in length and 6m in width. Its substructure contains a 3m wide corridor chapel, divided into three architectural sections: the first (northern) section is filled with rubble, the second (central) section contains a double room as the burial chamber and the third (southern) section has a burial shaft in its center. In 2014, a tiny mud seal fragment with the king's name was discovered inside. The true owner of the tomb, however, is unknown and archaeological excavations are still on-going.
Aker - Finger Snail - Fish - Elephant - Stork - Canide - Bull - Scorpion I - Shendju - Iry Hor - Ka - Scorpion II
000
Hapu I - Seka I - Khayu - Tiu - Thesh - Neheb - Wazner - Mekh - Seka II - Hedju Hor - Ny Hor - Ny Neith - Hat Hor - Herui - Wash
Minor
Neferhor I - Neferhor II - Iry Hor I - Horhotep I - Horhotep II - Horhotep III - Iry Hor II - Neferhor III - Neferhor IV - Neferhor V - Usirenakht I - Usirehotep I - Neferusire I - Usirenakht II - Usirenakht III - Usirehotep II - Usirehotep III - Usirenakht IV - Usirenakht V - Usirenakht VI - Usirenakht VII - Neferusire II - Usirenakht VIII - Usirehotep IV - Usirenakht V - Neferusire III - Neferusire IV - Usirehotep V - Meridjehuty I - Neferdjehuty I - Meridjehuty II - Meridjehuty III - Neferdjehuty II - Meridjehuty IV - Meridjehuty V - Djehutyhotep I - Meridjehuty VI - Djehutyhotep II - Djehutyhotep III - Merydjehuty VII - Neferdjehuty III - Minhotep I - Nefermin I - Ankhmin I - Minhotep II - Nefermin II - Minhotep III - Minhotep IV - Minhotep V - Nefermin III - Ankhmin II - Minhotep VI - Neferanuket I - Neferkhnum I - Nefersatet I - Neferkhnum II - Neferkhnum III - Neferanuket II - Nefersatet II
I
Narmer I - Neithhotep - Teti I - Djer - Djet - Merneith - Den - Adjib - Semerkhet - Qa'a - Sneferka - Hor Ba I
II
Hotepsekhemwy I - Nebra - Nynetjer - Wadjenes - Hor Ba II - Hor Sa - Weneg - Neferkara I - Neferkasokar I - Neferkasokar II - Senedj I - Nubnefer - Perenmaat - Peribsen I - Khasekhemwy I
Khety I - Khety II - Neferkara VII - Khety III - Senenhapi - Merikara I - Shedtawy - Huni II - Khuiqer - Imhotep - Isu - Khety IV - Khety V - Userkara II
X
Meryhathor I - Khety VI - Neferkara VIII - Khety VII - Khety VIII - Merikare II - Khety IX
Sobekhotep I - Amenemhat V Sonbef - Sobekhotep II - Amenemhat VI - Qemau - Sehotepibra I - Iufni I - Amenemhat VII - Nebnuni - Sehotepibra II - Sewadjkara I - Nedjemibra - Sobekhotep III - Amenemhat VIII - Hor I - Khabaw - Djedkheperew - Sebkay - Amenemhat IX - Wegaf - Userkara III Khendjer - Imyremeshaw I - Intef IV - Seth I - Sobekhotep IV - Neferhotep I - Sihathor I - Sobekhotep V - Sobekhotep VI - Sobekhotep VII - Wahibra I Ibiau - Ay I - Ini II - Sewadjitu - Neferhotep II - Sewadjkara III Hori - Sobekhotep IX - Ini III - Dedumose I - Amenemhat X - Sankhptahi I - Hor II - Imyremeshaw II - Userkara IV - Awibra II - Merkheperra - Merkara - Sobekhotep X - Mentuhotep V - Dedumose II - Ibi II "The Quiet" - Webenra Hor III - Sewadjkara IV - Sankhptahi II - Nubkaura Webenra III - Senebmiu
XIV
Yakbim - Ya'ammu - Qareh - Ammu - Sheshi I - Nehesy - Khakhereura - Nebefaura - Sehebra I - Merdjefara I - Sewadjkara II - Nebdjefara I - Webenra I - Awibra I - Nebdjefara II - Webenra II - Heribra - Nebsenra - Sankhibra I - Merdjefara II - Sekheperenra - Djedkherewra - Sankhibra II - Nefertumibra - Sekhemibra - Kakemura - Neferibra - Ienkara - Khakara - Akara - Semenenra - Djedkara III - Bebnum - Semqen - Hapu II - Anetrira - Nubankhra - Nikara II - Nikara III - Nikara IV - Nikara V - Seneferibra - Menibra - Djedkara IV - Yakareb - Hapi - Aped - Inek - Apepi I - Apepi II - Nuya - Sheneh - Shenshek - Wazad - Khamura - Apepi III - Yaqub Her - Hibe - Webenra IV
XV
Sharek - Semqen - Aperanat - Khyan - Yanassi - Sakir Har - Apepi IV - Khamudi
Minor
Woseribra I - Woseribra II - Woseribra III - Sehebra II - Upuatemsaf I - Woseribra IV Senebkay - Upuatemsaf II - Woseribra V - Woseribra VI - Woseribra VII - Sehebra III - Upuatemsaf III - Pantjeny - Snaaib - Sehebra IV - Webenra V - Ini IV - Seth II - Sunu - Hor IV - Nibra - Merkheperenra - Penensetensepet - Khutawykhemet - Seketra - Arenra - Djednianhur - Smenkhkara I - Sihathor II - Herhemutshepsesut - Khuhemutshepsesut
XVI
Pepi IV - Djehuti - Sobekhotep VIII - Neferhotep III - Mentuhotepi - Nebiriau I - Nebiriau II - Semenra - Bebiankh - Shedwaset - Dedumose III - Dedumose IV - Montuemsaf - Mentuhotep VI - Senusret IV
XVII
Rahotep I - Djehutyaa I - Sobekemsaf I - Sobekemsaf II - Intef V - Intef VI - Intef VII - Ahmose I - Djehutiaa II - Kamose I
Herihor Siamun I - Piankh - Pinedjem I - Masaharta - Djedkhonsuefankh - Menkheperra - Nesbanebdjed II - Pinedjem II - Pasebakhaenniut II
XXII
Paihuty I - Shoshenq I - Nimlot I - Shoshenq II - Osorkon II - Shoshenq V - Shoshenq VI - Harsiesi I - Takelot I - Osorkon IV - Shoshenq VIII - Shoshenq X - Pami II - Shoshenq XI - Osorkon VIII
XXIII
Takelot II - Pedubast II - Iuput II - Shoshenq IX - Osorkon V - Takelot IV - Rudamun I - Shoshenq XII - Ini V
Minor
Iuput I - Shoshenq III - Iuwelot - Nesbanebdjed III - Harsiesi II - Pedubast I - Nimlot II - Osorkon VI - Harsiesi IV - Shoshenq IV - Osorkon III - Shoshenq VII - Merenptah II - Takelot III - Pediese I - Peftjauawybast I - Harsiesi III - Ankhefensekhmet I - Nimlot IV - Djehutyemhat I - Pedinemty II - Gemenefkhonsbak - Pedubast III - Pepi V - Peftjauawybast II - Pediese III - Paihuty II - Ankhefensekhmet II - Amenemope II - Amunemnesu II - Nesbanebdjed V - Siamun IV - Nesbanebdjed VI - Nesbanebdjed IV - Siamun III - Pasebakhaenniut III - Pasebakhaenniut IV - Iuput III - Penamun I - Penamun III - Pedinemty I - Penamun II - Djehutyemhat II - Bokennife I - Pediese II - Bokennife II - Ienheru I - Inamunnifnebu - Niumateped - Tjerpahati - Ker - Rudamun II - Ankhhor - Pimay - Pami I - Nimlot III - Osorkon VII
Ptolemy I Soter I - Ptolemy II Philadelphus I - Ptolemy III Epigonos - Ptolemy IV Euergetes I - Ptolemy V Philopator I - Ptolemy VI Epiphanes - Ptolemy VII Philometor I - Ptolemy VIII Eupator - Ptolemy IX Euergetes II - Ptolemy X Neos Philopator - Ptolemy XI Memphites - Ptolemy XII Soter II - Ptolemy XIII Apion - Ptolemy XIV Alexander I - Ptolemy XV Alexander II - Ptolemy XVI Neos Dyonysus - Ptolemy XVII Philadelphus II - Seleucus Kybiosactes - Archelaus Epiphanes - Ptolemy XVIII Theos Philopator - Ptolemy XIX Philopator II - Ptolemy XX Philometor II - Marcus Antonius - Alexander III Helios - Ptolemy XXI Philadelphus III - Eurydice - Berenice I - Arsinoe I - Arsinoe II - Berenice II - Arsinoe III - Cleopatra I Syra - Cleopatra II Soteira I - Cleopatra III Philometor I - Cleopatra IV Soteira II - Cleopatra V Selene I - Berenice III Epiphaneia I - Cleopatra VI Tryphaena - Berenice IV Epiphaneia II - Cleopatra VII Tryphaena II - Cleopatra VIII Philometor II - Arsinoe IV - Cleopatra IX Selene II
Rebels
Horwennefer - Ankhwennefer - Harsiesi V
XXXIV
Ahmose IV - Nakhthorheb II - Psamtik VII - Nefaarud III - Psamtik VIII - Ahmose V - Kamose II
XXXV
Pausir II - Harsiesi VI - Thanuro II - Ienheru III - Sobekneferu II
5° Intermediate and Roman Kingdom
Dynasty
Pharaohs
XXXVI
Amunirdisu IV - Merenptah III - Intef VIII - Mentuhotep VII - Sobekhotep X - Mentuhotep VIII - Siptah III
XXXVII
Harsiesi VII - Pedubast V - Teti V - Khafra II - Sobekemsaf III - Khety X - Amenemope III - Iufni II - Amunmesses III - Khety XI - Amenemope IV - Amunemnesu III - Khety XII - Setnakht II - Amunemnesu IV - Merikara III - Khety XIII - Neferkara IX - Khety XIV - Merikara IV - Neferkara X - Setnakht III - Neferkara XI - Alexander IV - Amunmesses III - Setnakht IV - Amenemope V - Amunemnesu V - Djehutyemhat III - Amunmesses IV - Amunmesses V - Djehutyemhat IV - Djehutyemhat V - Amunmesses VI
Minor
Sausir I - Sausir II - Sausir III - Usirhotep I - Sausir IV - Usirhotep II - Simentu I - Usirhotep III - Shuhotep I - Gebmose I - Shuhotep II - Shuhotep III - Gebmose II - Gebmose III - Shuhotep IV - Gebmose III - Anhurhotep I - Anpumose II - Anhurhotep II - Upuatemsaf IV - Anhurhotep III - Upuathotep I - Anpuemsaf I - Upuathotep II - Upuathotep III - Anpuemsaf II - Anpumose III - Upuathotep IV - Nefaarud IV - Anpumose I - Khnumhotep I - Sobekhotep XI - Khnumhotep II - Sobekhotep XIII - Rahotep II - Ramose I - Menkaura II - Menkaura III - Shepseskaf II - Intef IX - Intef X
XXXVIII
Nakhthorheb III - Wahibra III - Anhurhotep IV - Wahibra IV - Ay III - Hakor II - Nakhthorheb IV
XXXIX
Nefaarud V - Nakhtnebef II - Nakhthorheb V - Horemheb II - Seti III - Horemheb III - Ramesses XII - Tutankhensetamun I - Pepi VI - Teti VI
6° Intermediate and Medieval Kingdom
Dynasty
Pharaohs
XL
Rahotep III - Ramose II - Khety XV - Sneferu III - Sehotepibra III - Nyuserra II - Sehotepibra IV - Tefnakht III - Bakenranef II - Khety XVI - Pepi VII - Gebmose IV - Khety XVII - Neferkasokar III - Neferkamin III - Qakara III - Ini VI - Tefnakht IV - Psamtik X - Yuya I - Amunherkhepeshef I - Yuya II - Amunherkhepeshef II - Itamun I - Khaemwaset I - Amunherkhepeshef III - Khaemwaset II - Itamun II - Yuya III - Khety XIX - Yuya IV - Khaemwaset III
Minor
Upuatemsaf V - Tutankhensetamun II - Upuatemsaf VI - Tutankhensetamun III - Tutankhensetamun IV - Psamtik IX - Ahmose VI - Necho III - Wahibra V - Necho IV - Psamtik XI - Djedefra II - Djedefptah II - Djedefhor II - Sobekhotep XIV - Sobekhotep XV - Dedumose VI - Siatum I - Simentu II - Siatum II - Simentu III - Djehutyemhat VI - Senamun I - Djehutyemhat VII - Djehutyemhat VIII - Senamun II - Senamun III - Nikara VI - Djoser III - Ramesses XIV - Menkaura V - Siptah VI - Siamun VII - Nesbanebdjed VII - Menkaura VI - Menkauhor II - Menkauhor III - Merenhor II - Userkaf II - Djedkara VI - Neferefra II - Neferirkara VII - Shepseskara II - Nebiriau III - Nefaarud VI - Nebiriau IV - Nefaarud VII - Nebiriau V - Khnumhotep I - Sobekmose I - Neferhotep IV - Sobekmose II - Sobekmose III - Khnumhotep II - Djedefra III - Twosret II - Hatshepsut II - Sobekneferu III - Hatshepsut III - Sobekneferu IV - Hatshepsut IV - Sobekneferu V - Twosret III - Twosret IV - Khentkaus VI - Sobekneferu VI - Hatshepsut V - Ay IV - Nakhtmin I - Nakhtmin II - Nakhtmin III - Ay VI - Nemtyemsaf III - Pasebakhaenniut V - Nemtyemsaf IV - Ay V - Nemtyemsaf V - Pasebakhaenniut VI - Nemtyemsaf VI - Pasebakhaenniut VII - Nemtyemsaf VII - Pasebakhaenniut VIII - Nemtyemsaf VIII - Hakor III - Hakor IV - Mentuhotep IX - Dedumose V - Pasherienmut II - Hakor V - Pasherienmut III - Horemheb VIII - Horemheb IV - Seti IV - Horemheb V - Horemheb VI - Horemheb VII - Nakhtmin IV - Merenptah IV - Ahmose VII - Hakor VI - Ramesses XVI - Ramesses XVII - Ramesses XVIII - Ramesses XIX - Pepi VIII - Nebiriau VI - Ramesses XIII - Ramesses XV - Nyuserra IV - Ramesses XX - Ramesses XXI - Ramesses XX - Akhenaten V - Tutankhamun IV - Amenemope VI - Tutankhamun II - Tutankhamun III - Merenptah VI - Sahura II - Merenptah V - Sahura IV - Unas IV - Nyuserra III - Hotepsekhemwy II - Akhenaten II - Neferneferuaten II - Akhenaten III - Akhenaten IV - Amunemnesu VI - Amenemope VII - Amunemnesu VII - Amunemnesu VIII - Amenemope IX - Thanuro III - Amunirdisu V - Thanuro VI - Ienheru IV - Pinedjem VI - Djehutiaa IV - Djehutiaa III - Amunirdisu VI - Kamose V - Pinedjem VIII - Djehutiaa V - Thanuro IV - Amenemope VIII - Thanuro V - Pinedjem VII - Amenemope X - Kamose III - Kamose IV - Ienheru V - Ienheru VI - Pinedjem III - Siptah V - Setnakhte V - Khety XX - Rahotep IV - Anhurhotep V - Rahotep V - Pinedjem IV - Anhurhotep VI - Anhurhotep VII - Pinedjem V - Siamun VI - Neferkara XII - Anhurhotep VIII - Neferkara XIV - Meryhathor II - Khentkaus III - Khentkaus IV - Khentkaus V - Siptah IV - Siamun V - Neferkara XIII - Khety XVIII - Neferirkara III - Neferirkara IV - Djedkara V - Khasekhemwy II - Hotepsekhemwy III - Neferirkara V - Shepseskaf II - Neferirkara VI - Djedkara VII - Khasekhemwy III - Hotepsekhemwy IV - Neferirkara VIII - Shepseskaf III
XLI
Sahura V - Narmer II - Nyuserra V - Thutmose V - Khufu III - Khafra III - Senusret V - Senusret VI - Seti V - Siamun VIII - Nesbanebdjed VIII - Pasebakhaenniut IX - Sihathor III - Sobekemsaf IV - Seti VI - Seti VII - Amenhotep V - Amenhotep VI - Amenhotep VII - Thutmose VI - Thutmose VII - Horemheb IX - Sneferu III - Ay VII
Sobekemsaf V - Senedj II - Dedumose IX - Later Dedumose IX - Thutmose VIII - Amenhotep VIII - Shumose I - Thutmose IX - Horemheb X - Khafra IV - Djoser IV-Hor - Unas V - Mentuhotep XI - Neferhotep VII
