The Mongol Federation, formed in 1313, was one of the first elective monarchies ever formed and is widely considered the successor state to the Mongol Empire. It's government, laws, and political structure were all laid out in The Constitution of the Mongol Federation. It lasted from 1313 to 1611, when frequent rebellions finally fractured the Mongol Federation into countless smaller states.
Government[]
At the head of the Mongol Federation is the Great Khan, who was elected by the Court of the Khan, which consisted of various nobles, military leaders, clergy members, and even business moguls. The Great Khan could come from any of three "Candidate Houses". The specific lineages that were actually considered Candidate Houses have changed multiple times over the years, but during the Pax Mongolica period (1376-1451) there were three primary houses: Bataar, Yuan, and Trần. The Yuan were the direct descendants of Zhenjin Khan, and they ruled over the Yuan Khanate for the majority of their existence. The Trần originally ruled the Vietnam area until the Mongols conquered it, after which they remained Khans of the area. The Cúc eventually achieved the status of Candidate House in 1394, when the title of Khan of the Ilkhanate passed from the heirless Batbayar Khan to his wife, Cúc Trần, who conceived a child mysteriously after her husband's death to secure the future of the Trần in Mongol Society. The Bataar, however, were descended from powerful herders in the Chagatai Khanate who usurped the descendants of Genghis Khan's second son, Chagatai, in order to become leaders of the Khanate. To prevent European houses from becoming Khans due to strategic alliance-building marriages, it was forbidden for a European to inherit the position of Khan. However, half-European, half-Mongol nobles could.
Pre-Colonial History[]
After the Federation was founded in 1313 and the intense wave of rebellions following Kublai Khan's conversion to Christianity had fizzled out, the expansionist mindset took over the minds of the Empire's leaders once again. After conquering the Vietnamese in 1328, began exploring the islands around the Malay Peninsula. While they never got as far as the islands of Indonesia, they managed to form diplomatic relations with several of the Malay States, promising them independence if they aided in conquered the Khmer Empire sometime in the near future. Meanwhile, the Mongols successfully invaded Japan (there wasn't a typhoon this time). In 1362, the Federation launched a full-scale invasion of the Khmer Empire with the aid of the Malay States and other enemies of the Khmer. By 1368, the war was complete. At this time, the Linen Roads had been completed and the Mongols were officially the richest nation on the planet. With a surplus of wealth, crops, and military strength, it seemed like the right time to declare that the Mongols were at their peak. However, for the past fifty-or-so years, a group known as the Ottomans had been rebelling in the Anatolia region of the Federation. With reinforcements from Europe, the rebellions had been put down easily enough. However, the Khan at the time (Trần Long Khan) decided to let Anatalia have its own Khanate separate from the Ilkhanate, an act that greatly angered the Court of the Khan and the Ilkhanate's leaders. The new Khanate, known as the Osman Khanate, quickly chose to attack the Greek islands, however, which greatly angered the Byzantines. The following war would come to be known as the Osman War, and the result would be an independent Osman Khanate that was truly governed by both the Byzantines and Mongols. By the end of that war, in 1401, marriages between Europeans and Mongolians were becoming increasingly more popular. This led to more and more Roman Catholic influence on the Mongol religions. While the Mongol Federation's official religion was Roman Catholicism, the common religion was more of a mix between Tengrism, Confucianism, and Christianity; some might call it a religious creole. With the Protestant Reformation beginning in Europe, the Mongols saw this as the perfect time to begin sowing the seeds of a new religion. Their seeds wouldn't come to fruition until 1506, when Mongolian Catholicism formed, but in the meantime, the Mongols finished their conquests of southeast Asia. By 1506, Asia was dominated by the Mongols and their religion was the brand-new Mongolian Catholicism, which combined the philosophies of Confucianism and Christianity, as well as Tengrism, together.
Colonial Era[]
By 1506, word had gotten to the Khans of the Mongol Federation that there was a whole new world east of them. Riding the currents eastward, Mongol explorers arrived in what we know as Baja California in July of 1508. They named the area Chingisiin Ereg (Genghis's Beach) and sailed back to the Federation to inform their rulers of what they found. On a second expedition in 1509, explorers sailed further north and discovered the California area. Contact with natives on both of these expeditions was relatively peaceful, though within three years from initial contact the population had decreased by 25% due to the spread of smallpox. A year later, yet another mission to the Chingisiin Ereg area led to the construction of Khubilaikhot, the first Asian settlement in the New World. Shipments back and forth between Chingisiin Ereg and the Federation led to the arrival of yucca, Holly leaf cherries, and pine trees in Asia and the arrival of disease, horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs in North America. Over the years, Khubilaikhot became a wealthy port city and the capital of the colony. Explorations around the Baja Peninsula were made, and eventually the Mongols made contact with the Aztec Empire. The Aztecs, too, contracted smallpox, reducing their population by a substantial amount. Nevertheless, peaceful relations were established with the Aztecs as the Mongol Federation and the Aztec Empire formed a defensive alliance. The less-developed, nomadic tribes of the California region soon grew tired of the Mongols and decided to conduct raids on their cities and forts. The more developed Mongols had guns, however, and they easily squashed the attacks. In 1517, the Mongols established yet another colony: Khalim Ereg, so-called because of the whale hunting that took place off of its coast. Located in what we would call Oregon, Washington, and parts of Alaska and Canada, the colony was incredibly unstable for the first few years of its existence, what with Native attacks, inhospitable weather, and more. However, there was a huge profit in the colony. The main industry was hunting, which led to the extinction of numerous species in North America. Arab and Siberian slaves were brought to Khalim Ereg and Chingisiin Ereg, which were occasionally sold to the Natives in exchange for crops. Slaves were also sold to the Aztecs, who used them as human sacrifices to their gods. Soon enough, a Pacific Ocean-version of what we in our world call the Triangle Trade was formed. Merchant companies, such as the Golden Cherry Company and the Holy Horizon Company, were founded in this time period to gain profits from the trade of slaves, crops, and more. Such companies were given government permission to establish their own trading posts, which were in turn elevated to the status of colonies. Past the Sierra Nevada Mountains (which they named the Dars Mountains) was the colony of, well, the Dars Mountains. Further south, the Yucatan Peninsula was split between the Spanish and the Mongols. The Mongolian colony came to be known as Atstyeka, named after their allies who lived in the area. At this point, in the late 1580s, the Aztecs were merely a puppet state of the Mongol Federation located in central Mexico.
Collapse[]
By 1601, the already-stretched-thin Mongol Federation had reached a tipping point. It's colonies in North America, while they were generating profits for the central government, were becoming too expensive to fund. Rebels in the Ilkhanate were actually able to overthrow the local Khan, and the leaders of the Federation were too weak to stop it. Long-oppressed Siberian peoples in the north overthrew their slavers and oppressors and established their own confederation of tribes while the leaders of the Yapon Khanate (Japan) were already making negotiations with the Yuan, Khmer, and Trần Khanates over who would keep the colonies in North America. On December 31, 1601, Trần Long Khan II was assassinated in Dadu, an event which marked the end of the Mongol Federation. Various local militias sprung up across the country and even the Mongol army splintered into various factions. An intense 7-year-long war followed, which came to be known as the Collapse Period. At the end of this bloody time, the leaders of various new nations came together to sign the Dadu Accords, which officially ended the Mongol Federation and divided the colonial holdings up between various new nations.
List of New Nations[]
- The Empire of Yuan-China
- Colonial Holdings: Majority of Chingisiin Ereg, the Dars Mountains
- The Kingdom of Nihon
- Colonial Holdings: Khalim Ereg, northern Chingisiin Ereg
- The Chagatai Federation
- The Khmer-Trần Union
- Colonial Holdings: Atstyeka
- The Ilkhanate
- The Osman Protectorate (Puppet state of Byzantium)
- The Sibiriin Confederation
- Eastern European states
- Including (but not limited to): Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania...