Tibet (Double Collapse)

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Kingdom of Tibet བོད་ Bod Timeline: Double Collapse: The Entire Collapse of Communism OTL equivalent: Tibet Autonomous Region
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Tibet (Double Collapse) Map of Tibet
Capital		Lhasa
Demonym		Tibetian
Government		Unitary Buddhist theocratic constitutional monarchy
-	Monarch (Dalai Lama)	Tenzin Gyatso
-	Panchen Lama	Gedhun Choekyi Nyima
-	Sikyong	Penpa Tsering
-	Speaker	Pema Jungney
Legislature		Ganden Phodrang
Currency		Tibetan Skar, Srang, and Tangka

Tibet (Tibetan: བོད་, Bod; Chinese: 西藏, Xīzàng), officially the Kingdom of Tibet, is a landlocked mountainous nation located in Asia. It is bordered by Uyghuristan to the northwest, China to the northeast, India to the southeast, Nepal and Bhutan to the south.

The Tibetan Ganden Phodrang regime was ruled by the Qing dynasty until 1912. When the Provisional Government of the Republic of China replaced the Qing dynasty as the government of China, the Imperial Edict of the abdication of Puyi provided the legal right for the new Chinese republic to inherit all territories of the Qing dynasty, including Tibet. However, it was unable to assert any de facto authority in Tibet. The Dalai Lama declared that Tibet's relationship with China ended with the fall of the Qing dynasty and proclaimed independence. Tibet and Outer Mongolia also signed a treaty proclaiming mutual recognition of their independence from China. With its proclamation of independence and conduct of its own internal and external affairs in this period, Tibet is regarded as a "de facto independent state" as per international law, although its independence was not formally recognized by any Western power and China itself at that time.

After the Chinese Civil War, Tibet was remained as autonomous division until 1965 and as autonomous region until 1990, Towards the end of the civil war in mid 1950, when the Nationalists were retreating, the People's Republic of China invaded and annexed Tibet and reorganised into an autonomous division in 1951. Tibetan uprisings to the Chinese occupation lasted until the late 1950s. On 20 April 1990, a year before the formal dissolution of the People's Republic of China, Tibet passed the Act of Independence of the Kingdom of Tibet, becoming the first autonomous region to proclaim its independence during the dissolution of the People's Republic of China.

The current borders of Tibet were generally established in the 18th century and include about half of historic Tibet, or the ethno-cultural Tibet, specifically the regions of Ü-Tsang and Kham. The Kingdom of Tibet spans over 1,200,000 km2 (460,000 sq mi). Due to its harsh and rugged terrain, it is lightly populated with a population of just over 3.5 million. Tibet is a member of the United Nations since 1992.

History

Declaration of independence (1990-1993)

In the immediate aftermath of the independence declaration, PRC President Zhao Ziyang implemented economic embargo on Tibet. Then, PRC gave Tibet an ultimatum on 11 February 1991, asking it to give up independence because it violate the Chinese constitution, it is refused by Tibetan authority. Two days later the PLA launched an assault on Tibet that resembles the January event of Lithuania, causing numerous death and injuries of Tibetans. Upon international pressure, Zhao condemned the brutal behavior of PLA and order them to stop attacking and withdraw. After 15 February 1991, conflict in Tibet mainly ceased but PLA occupation still continue until the failure of Chinese coup in September 1991. After the coup collapse, The US recognized Tibetan independence on September 27, 1991 and PR China recognized its independence on October 1, 1991.

With independence secured, Tibet carried out a series of de-communization policies like banning communist symbols, removing Mao statues and renaming roads, etc. Museum was also built to commemorate the victims under communist rule. On the other hand, however, Tibet suffered from severe economic downturn with GDP per capita dropping 50% from 1989 to 1992 due to absence of Chinese subsidies.