Timeline 1924-1933 (One Day in Sarajevo)

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The following is the Timeline of events that happens in One Day In Sarajevo between 1924 and 1933.

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1920s

1924

• Unknown Soon after the signing of the Treaties of London, Japanese politicians, military officers and nationalists begin forming secret organizations to meet and advocate extreme nationalist politics and militarism. Many of these organizations were established over the anger over the lack of recognition and gains made in the Great War, and advocate that Japan should break free from "European" domination and establish their own way. However, these same leaders realize that they can't totally dominate the whole Pacific, and that it will take a lot of smaller steps, without antagonizing all the powers, to realize the place of Japan in the world. This is soon to be called the "Rising Sun" theory: the sun rises slowly, but it does eventually rise.

January

• 1 January: Japan and the Union of Russian Socialist Republics sign the Treaty of Kyoto, ending the war between Japan and Russia. While an armistice was signed in October 1920, a peace treaty had not been negotiated until later 1923, when Japanese diplomats met with URSR leaders. This treaty marks two occasions: the establishment of a Japanese Empire in former European held and settled territory, and the first foreign power to theoretically recognize the URSR by signing a treaty with them and not the White Russian loyalists. Japan returns Vladivostok and all the land in Russia they occupied during the war, in return for the rights that the Russian government had in Manchurian railways and industry.

• 17 March: In Paris, the Parti pour la Renaissance Française (Party for French Rebirth, known as the PRF) is founded by several veterans of the Great War, former communists, nationalists, anti-Semites, and "Revanchists" who seek to reclaim the "lost territories" of Alsace-Lorraine, avenge their defeat by Germany and Britain, and to repudiate the Treaties of London. Jacques Doriot, a former communist who was conscripted at the start of the Great War and became a strong nationalist by 1922, is selected as the leader of the party.

• 18 May: Italo Balbo, the leader of the Italian Revolutionary Legion (Legione Rivoluzionario Italiano, LRI), is named Prime Minister after a bloodless coup supported by the Army.

• July: The US economy, not having suffered from a terrible war and extending lines of credit and sold food, raw materials and manufactured goods to the victorious Central Powers, begins a major economic expansion as Europe struggles to rebuild. Unemployment drops to an unprecedented 4.2% by the end of the year as industries begin to expand their workforce to sell materials to Germany, the Danube Confederation and other Central Powers, who mostly pay for the goods from the reparations from the defeated Entente Alliance, though both sides are dependent on American loans to fund and support their governments.

• 20 July: General Mikhail Alekseyev, as de-facto military dictator of the Russian Empire and the White Forces in the Civil War, tells Czar Nicholas that the military situation is untenable, and that the Czar should leave the country before the Bolsheviks catch him. Nicholas II, in shock, vacillates for several days between going out in a blaze of military glory, committing suicide, or turning himself over to the Bolsheviks before he is convinced to go into exile.

• 27 July: With the Red Army finally closing in on Arkhangelsk, the relocated capital of the Russian Empire, Czar Nicholas II, Czarina Alexandria, and their four daughters board a Danish ship and sail into self-imposed exile to Germany at the invitation of Nicholas' cousin, Kaiser Wilhelm. The public response is tepid to hostile, with Germans divided over allowing their former enemy to live as a guest of the Kaiser or to allow a monarch to flee the Bolsheviks for saftey. Morale for the White armies collapse when news of the Czar leaving the country spreads, while the Russian Socialist Republics decry the "cowardly murderer" for fleeing justice, while also claiming victory is in sight.

• 8 August: General Petain, head of the Emergency Government of France, resigns as President of France to allow a new, civilian government to come back to power. The National Assembly, having been elected a year before under military auspices, select Alexandre Millerand, a supporter of the military government, to be president until the next election.

• 10 September: President Sun Yat-Sen, the leader of the Kuomintang and one of the founders of the Republic of China, dies in office. Sun, who had managed to form an uneasy alliance between the Communists and Nationalists into the Kuomintang, struggled to suppress warlords and centralize the Republic into a functioning nation. General Li Yuanhong, who had already made a name of himself for winning battles against northern warlords, is named the President by the Chinese Republican Congress to fill the rest of Sun's term.

• 5 October: The last White Army in the Russian Civil War is destroyed in the Battle of Samarkand, and the Union of Russian Socialist Republics at last is victorious in the Russian Civil War. Official date for the end of the Russian Civil War.

• 4 November: The US Presidential Election results in a solid victory of Republican candidate, Vice-President Robert M. La Follette with his running mate, Governor Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts, who received 382 Electoral College points. The Democratic ticket of former Secretary of the Treasury William Gibbs McAdoo from California and Texas Governor Miriam A. Ferguson, the first female Vice-President Candidate received 149, with every state in the south including Kentucky voting for the Democrats.

1925

• 17 February: With the end of Russian Civil War, President Leon Trotsky of the Union of Russian Socialist Republics announces a new constitution, and renames the state to "Federation of Soviet Socialist Republics," with five Republics joining together: The Russian Soviet Socialist Republic (the largest); the Ukraine Soviet Socialist Republic; the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic; the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic; and the Union of Trans-Caucasian Soviet Republics.

• 28 February: General Chiang Kai-Shek overthrows the Beiyang Government, citing their corruption, cowardice and subordination to the Japanese. Members of the Kuomintang are placed into power, while Chiang is given full authority to fight the warlords in China.

• 28 February: Chancellor Friedrich Ebert dies in Berlin after an emergency appendectomy wasn't enough to fight what was believed to be gallbladder disease with complications from influenza and stress. After two rough years trying to put the full Charlottenburg Proclamation that he helped write into effect, even as the coalition of military officers, politicians and labour leaders broke down, while also trying to jump-start a lagging economy still suffering from the end of the Great War and the lingering recession.

• 1 March The process to name a new Chancellor begins. Kaiser Wilhelm II, trying to exert some influence in his now limited role, proposed Gustav Ritter von Kahr, a Bavarian right-wing politician that, Wilhelm believed, would manage to restore some of his monarchical powers. However, with the SPD and other left and center parties in charge of the Reichstag (and the requirement that the Chancellor have support of a majority of the Reichstag), von Kahr was a non-starter. But with the other parties of the Reichstag all advocating for their own candidates, a compromise candidate was sought in General Erich Ludendorff. The Kaiser and the Reichstag were both amiable to this decision (especially as Ludendorff had done his best to return to the Kaiser's good graces after their falling out in 1923), and Ludendorff was sworn in as Chancellor on 4 March.

1926

• 9 July: In the first election's held after the end of the Military Dictatorship of General Petain two years before, the National Unity Coalition of different parties lead by the now retired Phillpe Petain wins an overwhelming victory, and Petain is named President of France again, this time with a popular mandate. One of his main campaign platforms is to establish a new constitution for the Republic.

• 17 August: President Petain calls upon the leading intellectuals, politicians, jurists and leaders of France to meet at Nantes to establish a new constitution for France. The guidelines he outlined included a strong executive, a two house legislature, and an independent court system, as well as the maintenance of all political, social and legal rights.

1927

• 1 January: The Forth French Republic is declared into existence with the implication of the Constitution of Nantes, voted upon in November last year. The Presidency has been made into a five year term with unlimited number of consecutive terms allowed, and the President has the say on nominating the Prime Minister, the Cabinet, the Supreme Court, and other major officials. In return, the Legislature, divided between the National Assembly and the Senate, has budget controls (mostly the National Assembly, the lower house: the Senate is unable to delay a yearly budget) and the Prime Minister must be named from either the leader of the largest party in both houses of the Legislative branch, or a coalition of parties that control popular support. The Legislature is also able to be dismissed (by the president) and elections held in the case of a vote of non-confidence. Observers call this new constitution a "... haphazard combination of UK Parliamentary and US Presidential systems, with a touch of Gallic political infighting and gridlock run amok."

• 17 July The Treaty of Dublin is signed, giving full rights of self governance and legislation to Ireland, and establishing Ireland as an independent Dominion of the British Empire. The power to write a new constitution without British interference is given to Ireland. Ireland is the first Imperial nation to be given this right, and it wouldn't be until the Dominion Act of 1931 the other self-governing Dominions of the British Empire receive the same rights.

1928

• 17 June: After a long two year campaign to tackle the warlords in Southern China, the Kuomintang Government approaches Japan, who has been unofficially aiding the warlords, to cease their support. Japan in return presents the “Intolerable Demands”: China was to hire Japanese advisors who could take effective control of China's finance and police, build three railroads under Japanese control, and form a “free trade agreement” with Japan, though these would benefit Japanese more than Chinese interests. The Chinese angrily refuse, and tensions with Japan continue to increase.

• 6 November US President Robert M. La Follette and Vice-President Calvin Coolidge easily win a second term as Republicans. The Democratic Party suffers one of the most lopsided defeats so far in American politics, with Presidential Candidate Texas Senator John Nance Garner and his running mate Atlee Pomerene of Ohio losing every state except four in the Deep South (Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina and Louisiana) 481 to 45. This was a further surprise in that the losing party won neither of the home states of the Presidential or Vice-Presidential candidate. The Socialist Party, with some support from the FSSR, also makes a strong showing in Industrial centres in New England and the Midwest, winning 12 seats in the House of Representatives, and split the Democratic vote in several states. The Labor Party, which disavowed support from the FSSR, also made some inroads, capturing 8 seats in the House and one Senate seat.

1930s

1930

• 7 March After years of remarkable economic growth driven by both the reconstruction in Europe and a red hot stock market, the New York Stock Exchange suffers a major downturn for the first time in six years. Several causes are identified: the inability of the defeated nations in Europe to repay their reparations to the victors, the slowdown in many of the rebuilding efforts in Germany and the Danube Confederation in particular, and the overpriced stock market. Experts at the time believe that this is only a minor market correction.

• 18 June Years of growing tensions and border clashes culminates in a Japanese ultimatum that was similar to the demands made in 1928: China was to hire Japanese advisors who could take effective control of China's finance and police, and forming a “free trade agreement” with Japan. General Chiang Kai-Shek, having crushed most of the warlords, is certain that China can resist the attack, so the government refuses. The Sino-Japanese War begins

• 19-22 August The New York Stock Market crashes, resulting in hundreds of millions of dollars in losses for investors throughout the world. Millionaires who had made their fortunes on the stock market are ruined in days, and the flood of panicked selling overwhelmed the ticker tape system.

1931

• 3 February: The Battle of Shanghai begins. Japanese troops that had been stationed in the International district come under attack by Chinese troops, lead by General Chiang Kai-Shek. His German trained divisions manage to make ground, but with heavy losses.

• 19 May: Chinese troops are forced to pull back from Shanghai, leaving the city in the hands of the Japanese. By this point, the best trained troops of the Republic of China have been destroyed, leaving troops that were formerly under the command of warlords, not as well equipped or trained, as the primary army of the Chinese.

• 10 July: Presidential Elections are held. Philippe Petain easily wins another term, but a surprisingly strong showing of the Parti pour la Renaissance Française (PRF), lead by veteran Jacques Doriot, leaves questions as to what shape the new French Republic could take. The increasingly anti-Communist, anti-Jewish, revanchist PRF had been responsible for increasingly violent demonstrations and attacks on synagogues and communist rallies.

• 28 September: The UK government passes the 1931 Dominions Act, which states that all five of the major Dominions of the British Empire, namely Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and Newfoundland, established that they are now "legislatively independent" of the United Kingdom, and except in circumstances asked for by the Dominions themselves, the UK cannot pass any laws to govern these nations. Ireland was not part of this agreement, due to the Treaty of Dublin in 1927 having already given these rights to Ireland.

1932

• 8 November: The 1932 US Presidential Election was one of the most bitterly fought elections in the early 20th century. With the onset of the Great Depression, throwing millions out of work and destroying the fortunes and hopes of countless more, the Republican Party, having been in power since 1916, was seen as out of touch, outdated, and soon out of work. Vice President Calvin Coolidge and his running mate, Herbert Hoover of California, lost the election in a landslide to Democrats Al Smith of New York and his Vice President, Speaker of the House of Representatives Josiah William Bailey of North Carolina. The Socialist-Labor Party, however, won thirty seats in the House, and four in the Senate, and claimed up to 10% of the popular vote in some states.

1933

• 9 June: President Phillipe Petain suffers a massive stroke soon after arriving in his office that morning. Doctors are rushed in, but Petain is pronounced dead that evening. The Forth French Republic now appears to be in trouble, as there was no Vice-President to take his place, and few politicians in France could command the same following or popularity as the deceased "Hero of Frankfurt."

• 11 June: The National Assembly names Albert Lebrun as president to replace President Petain, who died only two days before. Lebrun is chosen only because no one else in the National Assembly is acceptable to both sides.

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