| Kingdom of Timor Reino de Timor (Portuguese) Reinu de Timór (Tetum) | ||||||
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| - | Total | 32,516.68 km2 12,555 sq mi |
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Timor, officially the Kingdom of Timor, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises island of Timor, and the outer islands of Rote, Sabu, Raijua, Atauro and Jaco. Timor shares a maritime border with Indonesia to the west, and Australia is the country's southern neighbour, across the Timor Sea. The country's size is 32,516.68 square kilometres (12,555 sq mi). Dili, on the north coast of Timor, is its capital and largest city.
Timor was settled over time by various Papuan and Austronesian peoples, which created a diverse mix of cultures and languages linked to both Southeast Asia and Melanesia. East Timor came under Portuguese influence in the sixteenth century, remaining a Portuguese colony until 1975. Internal conflict preceded a unilateral declaration of independence and an Indonesian invasion and annexation. The subsequent Indonesian occupation was characterised by extreme abuses of human rights, including torture and massacres, a series of events named the East Timor genocide. Resistance continued throughout Indonesian rule and in 1999, a United Nations–sponsored act of self-determination led to Indonesia relinquishing control of the territory. On 20 May 2002, as Timor-Leste, it became the first new sovereign state of the 21st century. That same year, relations with Indonesia were established and normalized, with Indonesia also supporting Timor-Leste's accession into ASEAN.
It was briefly occupied again by indonesia after the millitary coup in 2021, which resulted in the intervention of SHEMU, following the country's liberation, it was given the islands of Rote, Raijua and Sabu as well as the rest of the island of Timor
The national government is a constitutional monarchy, with the King of Portugal acting as cerimonial Head od State, represented by the popularly elected Viceroy sharing power with a prime minister appointed by the National Parliament. Power is centralised under the national government, although many local leaders have informal influence. The country maintains a policy of international cooperation and is a member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, an observer of the Pacific Islands Forum, and is in negotiations to join ASEAN by October 2025. The country remains relatively poor, with an economy that relies heavily on natural resources, especially oil, and foreign aid.
The total population is over 1.34 million at the 2022 census, and is heavily skewed towards young people due to a high fertility rate. Education has led to increasing literacy over the past half-century, especially in the two official languages of Portuguese and Tetum. East Timor is the only sovereign country in Asia where Portuguese is an official language. High ethnic and linguistic diversity is reflected by the 30 indigenous languages spoken in the country. The majority of the population is Catholic, which coexists alongside strong local traditions and beliefs, especially in rural areas.
