Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, Romanized: Ukraïna), is a country located in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and the east; by Poland-Lithuania, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and by Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast.
Republic of Ukraine Республіка Україна Timeline: Domus Iagiellonica
Respublika Ukrayina OTL equivalent: Ukraine | ||||||
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Anthem: Державний Гімн України Derzhavnyi Himn Ukrainy |
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Capital | Kyiv | |||||
Official languages | Ukrainian | |||||
Regional languages | Russian | |||||
Ethnic groups | 77.8% Ukrainians 17.3% Russians 4.9% Others |
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Religion | Eastern Orthodoxy (Patriarchate of Kyiv) | |||||
Demonym | Ukrainian | |||||
Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic | |||||
- | President | Volodymyr Zelenskyy | ||||
- | Prime Minister | Denys Shmyhal | ||||
Legislature | Verkhovna Rada | |||||
Currency | Hryvnia (₴) | |||||
Time zone | UTC +2 | |||||
Internet TLD | .ua |
Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Dnipro, Kharkov, and Odessa. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian; Russian is also widely spoken, especially in the east and south.
During the Middle Ages, Ukraine was the site of early Slavic expansion and the area later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. The state eventually disintegrated into rival regional powers and was ultimately destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. The area was then contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Tsardom of Russia. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century, but was ultimately absorbed by Poland-Lithuania. Ukrainian nationalism developed, and following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the Ukrainian People's Republic was formed.
Ukraine remained in Polish influence during the 20’s and 30’s. The People’s Republic ultimately liberalized and became the Republic of Ukraine in the 50’s.
The country prospered but was still in the shadows of his great neighbors Poland-Lithuania and Russia.
The country slowly modernized and became a recognized regional power.
History[]
- C. 880: Oleh the Wise established the Kievan Rus’
- 988: Christianisation of the Rus’
- 1169: Sack of Kiev by the Principality of Vladimir
- 1240: Sack of Kiev by the Mongols
- 1300 – 1350: Polish and Lithuanian conquest of Ukraine
- 1362/63 : Battle of Blue Waters
- 1441: Establishment of the Crimean Khanate
- 1490: Rebellion of Petro Mukha, severely repressed
- 1569: Formation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ukraine part of the Polish Crown
- 1648: Failed Cossack revolt
- 1783: Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by Russia
- 1848: Failed Ukrainian Revolution
- 1917: Establishment of the Ukrainian People's Republic
- 1922: Treaty of Kiev, Poland-Lithuania and Russia recognized Ukraine’s independence
- 1955: New Constitution, establishment of the current Republic of Ukraine
Leaders[]
- Provisional Governments: 1917 - 1921
- Symon Vasyliovych Petliura: 1921 – 1926
- Andrii Mykolaiovych Livytskyi: 1926 – 1936
- Viacheslav Kostiantynovych Prokopovych: 1936 - 1946
- Isaak Prokhorovych Mazepa: 1946 – 1955
- Stepan Porfyrovych Vytvytskyi: 1955 – 1965
- Mykola Andriiovych Livytsky: 1965 – 1970
- Spyrydon Mykytovych Dovhal: 1970 – 1980
- Jaroslav Bohdan Antonovych Rudnytskyi : 1980 – 1990
- Leonid Kravchuk : 1990 – 1995
- Leonid Kuchma : 1995 – 2005
- Viktor Yushchenko : 2005 – 2010
- Yulia Tymoshenko : 2010 – 2015
- Petro Poroshenko : 2015 – 2020
- Volodymyr Zelenskyy : 2020 - incumbent
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