| |||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Perugia | ||
| Other cities | Terni, Foligno, Spoleto, Orvieto, Assisi, Città di Castello, Norcia, Narni | ||
| Language official |
Umbrian | ||
| others | Italian, Local languages | ||
| Religion | Roman Catholic | ||
| Government | Presidential republic | ||
| President | Donatella Tesei | ||
| Vice president | Brunello Cucinelli | ||
| Area | 8,456 km² | ||
| Population | 908,232 | ||
| GDP Total: |
32.620 mln € | ||
| per capita | 35.916 € | ||
| Established | 1872 1945 1990 | ||
| Currency | Umbrian Baiocco | ||
| Time Zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) | ||
| summer | UTC+02:00 (CEST) | ||
Umbria is a nation in Europe.
History[]
Prior to 1989, the nation was known as the People's Republic of Umbria, governed by the UCP.
In early 1989, several protests asking for the democratization of the nation took place and the Communist Party suffered an internal division: the maggioritari (the majority; later forming La Sinistra) took advice from the people and focused on the democratization, while the minoritari (the minority, later forming the Umbrian Communist Refoundation) wanted to keep the Communist Party at power as it already was.
In the 1990 presidential election, majority man Francesco Mandarini was elected; he later allowed opposition parties (such as the Umbrian branch of the DC), suppressed all Communist agencies, changed the full name of the nation and removed the most evident references to the now-defunct UCP; during his term, Umbria was allowed to join the FIN, thus ending 13 years of being barred by the Federation itself.
In 2002, during Maria Rita Lorenzetti's term (she was the first woman to be elected to the office), she carried out an important economic reform: after the Umbrian Baiocchi (UMB) suffered severe inflation, the Umbrian New Baiocchi (ISO 4217 code: UNB) was introduced, with a change rate of 10,000 Old Baiocchi to 1 New Baiocchi.
In 2016, President Catiuscia Marini said that Umbria would be preparing to adopt the Pan-Italic Lira by 2020.
The last years of the marine presidency are among the most difficult.
Immediately after the 2015 elections, in 2016, the south-eastern part of the country was devastated by an earthquake that destroyed the city of Norcia and all the neighboring countries.
In addition to the earthquake, there were other various problems.
The most important is an increase in illegal immigration from African countries, who come to Umbria and take advantage of government bonuses on integration which begins to weigh on the state coffers and causes an increase in discontent in the population.
In 2020, Covid hit the country heavily, causing a collapse of the national health system and the economy which has already been stagnating for years.
Thus the 2020 elections saw the victory of the right-wing and ecological coalition of President Donatella Tesei, who became the first right-wing president after the collapse of Bastianini's dictatorship.
As in the Veneto of Doge Luca Zaia, President Tesei starts a process of leaving Umbria from the Federation of Italian Nations and according to the words of the president, a referendum will be held on the exit from the federation in 2021.
Immediately after his election as president, Tesei launched a program worth 500 billion Umbrian Baiocchi (50 billion euros) divided between infrastructure, ecological transition, strong tax cuts, support for businesses, reconstruction of the areas affected by the earthquake, health and education.
These government investment policies are accompanied by a privatization campaign by many state-owned companies.
In addition to a sharp decrease in debt, private investment from other countries begins to arrive, so much so that private investment has increased nine times.
In 2021, the Umbrian GDP grew by more than 17 percent after a contraction of the previous year of 9 percent.
the highest growth in Europe.
Economy[]
In the 1990s, after the collapse of the communist regime, Umbria went through a period of very strong economic instability due to the transition from a Soviet-style planned economy to a market economy.
In 2002, President Lorenzetti launched a series of economic reforms that made the economy revive.
The main reforms were an adoption of a new Baiocco to stop the hyperinflation of the old Baiocco and a series of stimuli that led to GDP growth (above 2% until 2008).
In 2008, like all nations, Umbria was hit by the crisis which, however, managed to recover in a year and return to growth.
in 2016 the south east of the country was hit by an earthquake which brought the country's economy to its knees which only recovered in 2019.
unfortunately in 2020 Covid-19 hit the country and brought the right to the government.
Shortly after, Umbria recorded the highest GDP growth rate in Europe thanks also to government aid, public works programs (in the style of the American New Deal), a reform of the banks and a decrease in the tax burden for people and multinationals which led to an increase in domestic consumption and an increase in investment in the country.
Unemployment stands at 6.2%, a very steep drop in unemployment due to an increase in interventions in the state.
Primary sector:
The primary sector although it represents less than 4% of GDP always manages to satisfy internal demand.
The main agricultural and food companies are located In the Umbrian Valley and in the Tiber Valley.
The main food products are the Norcino salami, the truffle and the main product of the earth is the olive where one of the best oils in Europe is produced.
Secondary sector:
The secondary sector accounts for a quarter of the national gross domestic product.
It is made up of small and medium-sized enterprises present throughout the national territory.
In addition to small and medium-sized enterprises, there are metallurgical industries in the Terni area, Textile industry such as Bruno Cucinelli s.p.a Cashmere production worker and food industries such as Perugina or Monini.
Service industry:
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