United States of America Timeline: White Unity | ||||||
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Motto: "In God We Trust" |
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Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner" |
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Location of the United States (green)
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Capital | Washington, D.C. | |||||
Largest city | New York City | |||||
Official languages | None at the federal level | |||||
National language | English (de facto) | |||||
Demonym | American | |||||
Government | Federal presidential republic | |||||
- | President | Elizabeth Warren | ||||
- | Vice President | Dean Pfefer | ||||
Legislature | Congress | |||||
- | Upper house | Senate | ||||
- | Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
Establishment | ||||||
- | Declaration | 4 July 1776 | ||||
- | Confederation | 1 March 1781 | ||||
- | Recognized | 3 September 1783 | ||||
- | Constitution | 21 June 1788 | ||||
Population | ||||||
- | 2023 estimate | 334,914,895 | ||||
Currency | U.S. dollar ($) (USD ) |
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Drives on the | right |
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US), is a country in North America. It is bordered by Mexico to the south, and Canada to the north. The United States is the third largest country in the world. The capital city is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city and financial center is New York City.
Native Americans have inhabited the Americas for thousands of years. Beginning in 1607, British colonization led to the establishment of Thirteen Colonies in the eastern part of the United States. Their dispute with the British crown led to the American Revolution and the subsequent Revolutionary War. The United States declared independence on 4 July 1776. After gaining independence, the United States began to expand its territory. In April 1861, after the election of the anti-slavery politician Abraham Lincoln, a civil war began between the government and a pro-slavery seceded country called the Confederate States, which ended in May 1865 with the victory of the Union, which officially abolished slavery.
After the end of the Civil War, the United States emerged as the most economically powerful country. During the 20th century, the United States participated in several wars such as World War I, the Russian Civil War, and World War II in which the United States together with its allies won and thus the United States emerged as the next great power.
The United States is a federal presidential republic and a highly developed country. The United States is a member of the League of Nations and the World Defense Alliance.
History[]
Early years (1783-1803)[]

George Washington, the first president of the United States.
After the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the United States was recognized as independent state, ending the American Revolutionary War. At that time, the United States was still a confederation and did not yet have a constitution. Many politicians debated the government of the United States whether the United States should become a republic or a monarchy. There were also suggestions that George Washington, a soldier who led victorious wars during the Revolutionary War and future president, would become King of the United States, which Washington refused. Later there were suggestions that Prince Henry of Prussia might become King of the United States. Another problem in the newly formed United States was slavery because while slavery was outlawed in the North, slavery continued in the South. This situation was finally resolved with the Three-Fifths Compromise where it was decided that slavery would continue in the southern United States.
The United States Constitution, which confirmed that the United States would be a federal republic, was ratified in June 1788 and entered into force in March 1789. From December 1788 to January 1789, the first presidential election was held, in which George Washington won, becoming the first president of the United States. In 1789, work began on amendments to the United States Constitution known as the Bill of Rights to limit government power. The Bill of Rights entered into force on 15 December 1791.
Expansion (1791-1861)[]

Map showing the expansion of the United States.
On 4 March 1791, after several negotiations, the Vermont Republic became part of the United States as the fourteenth state. In 1803, negotiations began between the United States and France regarding the American Louisiana Purchase. Finally, the United States acquired Louisiana from France, thereby expanding the United States' territory in the west. On 18 June 1812, the United States declared war on the United Kingdom, beginning the War of 1812. The war finally ended in February 1815 with no victory between the two sides, deciding to leave the status quo ante bellum. On 22 February 1819, a treaty was signed between the United States and Spain that became effective two years later, in which the United States acquired Florida from Spain and changed the boundaries between the United States and New Spain. In March 1820, to maintain the balance between the northern (anti-slavery) and southern (pro-slavery) states, an agreement known as the Missouri Compromise was adopted. As the United States expanded into territories that were still inhabited by Native Americans, the United States government began a policy of removing Native Americans. At that time, the wars between the Indian tribes against the colonizers and later the United States also continued. These wars ended sometime in the late 19th century or early 20th century with the decline of many Native American populations and the creation of Indian reservations.
On 2 October 1835, due to tensions in the former Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas, the Texas Revolution broke out, leading to the proclamation of the Republic of Texas in March 1836. The United States recognized the Republic of Texas in March 1837, while Mexico still claimed Texas. However, the citizens of Texas were in favor of annexing the Republic of Texas to the United States. In the United States, the idea of annexing Texas to the United States became a big debate because it could expand the territory of the United States and also expand slavery, but it could also mean war with Mexico. In the American presidential elections held in November and December 1844, the democratic candidate James K. Polk won, who dealt with the annexation of Texas and, in addition to Texas, also dealt with the Oregon border dispute between the United States and the United Kingdom, which was resolved thanks to the treaty signed in June 1846. Meanwhile, in Texas In July 1845, the Texas Convention ratified the Texas Annexation, and in December of that year Texas became the twenty-eighth state of the United States. The annexation of Texas to the United States worsened relations between the United States and Mexico which eventually led to the outbreak of war in April 1846.

American soldiers raise the American flag after victory at the Battle of Monterey, 1846.
Although the United States had a small army compared to Mexico, the United States was successful in the war because Mexico, although it had a large army, the Mexican army was not well armed. A later advantage for the United States was that General and future President of the United States Zachary Taylor took part in the war and led successful actions against Mexico. During the war, the California Republic was proclaimed in June 1846, which was incorporated into the United States in July of the same year. In September 1847, the American army successfully occupied Mexico City. After Mexico City was occupied by the American Army, the government of Mexico decided to start peaceful negotiations that led to the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in February 1848, which ended the war with an American victory. After the war, the United States acquired the rest of Texas and northern Mexico.
After the United States acquired new territories in the Southwest, the question of introducing slavery in the new southern territories was addressed. This issue was settled by a compromise which was approved in September 1850. In June 1854, after the Treaty of Mesilla went into effect, the United States acquired a small territory in the southwest from Mexico.
Civil War (1861-1865)[]
Main article: American Civil War

Bombardment of Fort Sumter, 12 April 1861.
The cause of the American Civil War was the different development of the North and the South due to slavery. The southern states were not in favor of the abolition of slavery because they feared that the abolition of slavery would threaten the economy of the states, while the north was against the expansion of slavery. In the presidential election of 1860, anti-slavery politician Abraham Lincoln won. The election of an anti-slavery politician led to the secession of South Carolina from the Union in December 1860, and later, other Southern states seceded to form the Confederate States of America, and in April 1861, the Battle of Fort Sumter broke out, which led to the outbreak of the American Civil War.
The Confederate States initially had great success, but that ended after the Confederate Army was defeated at the Siege of Vicksburg and the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, which later led to the Confederate States losing. In September 1864, the Confederate States lost Atlanta, which was another defeat for the Confederate States, as Atlanta was an important railroad center for the Confederate States. In September 1864, the Confederate States lost Atlanta, which was another defeat for the Confederate States, as Atlanta was an important railroad center for the Confederate States. On 14 April 1865, the President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, was assassinated in Ford's Theater, making Vice President Andrew Johnson the new president. 1865 was a disaster for the Confederate States as they kept losing and losing more territory and this eventually led to the Confederate States surrendering on 9 April although the Civil War continued until 26 May when the rest of the Confederate soldiers surrendered ending the Civil War with a Union victory.
Post-Civil War period (1865-1917)[]

Charleston, a town in South Carolina, after the Civil War, 1865.
After the end of the Civil War, there was a period of reconstruction during which slavery was abolished based on the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was ratified in December of the same year. Although slavery was abolished, racial segregation still continued in the United States until the 1960s. States that seceded from the Union were readmitted to the Union during the Reconstruction period. In October 1867, the United States acquired Alaska from Russia. The Reconstruction era ended with the Compromise of 1877.

Battle of Manila Bay. Painting by Fred S. Cozzens.
On 17 January 1893, the monarchy was overthrown in Hawaii and was replaced by the later pro-American republic, which was annexed by the United States on 12 August 1898, creating the Territory of Hawaii. That same year, on 21 April 1898, due to deteriorating relations between the United States and Spain due to pro-independence movements in the Spanish colonies, war broke out between the United States and Spain. There was a lot of fighting in the Caribbean and the Philippines. Since the United States had a better equipped naval army than Spain, they were able to win battles against Spain and finally on 10 December 1898, a treaty was signed in Paris between the United States and Spain, ending the war with an American victory. After the war, the United States gained influence in the former Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, Guam and the Philippines. However, the Philippines declared independence at that time, which led to the outbreak of the Philippine–American War on 4 February 1899, which ended on 4 July 1902 with an American victory, which brought the Philippines under American control.
Meanwhile, on 20 May 1902, Cuba gained independence, creating the Republic of Cuba. However, the independence of Cuba was interrupted from 1906 until 1909 after the American President Theodore Roosevelt, noting the instability of the Cuban government headed by President Tomás Estrada Palma, decided to send the American Army to Cuba in order to prevent the outbreak of civil war, to preserve the American economic interests there and establish a new stable government. After José Miguel Gómez was elected as the new President of Cuba in November 1908, the American Army began to leave Cuba and the occupation ended in February 1909.
Meanwhile in South America, on 3 November 1903, Panama declared independence from Colombia. The United States decided to support the independence of Panama in order to build a canal there. Another reason why the United States supported the secession of Panama from Colombia was that Colombia did not ratify a treaty between the United States that would have allowed the United States to have a lease on what is now the Isthmus of Panama. After Panama successfully gained independence, the construction of the canal began, which lasted until 1914, and on 15 August 1914, the canal was opened.
World War I and the Russian Civil War (1917-1920)[]
Main articles: United States in World War I, and Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War

President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson announces to Congress the severance of relations between the United States and Germany, 3 February 1917.
On 28 July 1914, due to tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia following the assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary Franz Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia, starting World War I. After the outbreak of World War I, the United States government led by Woodrow Wilson declared neutrality, although during neutrality the United States supported the Entente powers. Germany, which had been planning a war against the United States or a new war between the United States and Mexico for a long time, decided in January 1917 to send Mexico, which at that time was in a civil war, a coded telegram in which Germany offered Mexico military, territorial and financial support. The British decryption department successfully deciphered the telegram, and after deciphering the telegram, the British government decided to send the telegram to the American government. After the German telegram was delivered to the United States, the American Congress finally decided to declare war on Germany in April 1917, thus the United States entered the war against the Central Powers.

Two American soldiers run into a bunker past the bodies of German soldiers during World War I.
The entry of the United States into the war on the side of the Entente powers helped because the United States was more armed and compared to some of the Entente states, the United States was not exhausted. In June, the American Expeditionary Force headed by John J. Pershing reached Europe. In December, the United States declared war on Austria-Hungary. Sometime at the beginning of 1918, an epidemic began in a military training camp in Kansas, which, due to the arrival of American soldiers in Europe, spread throughout Europe, resulting in a pandemic known as the Spanish flu (the Spanish flu is called this because it was widely reported in Spain while the belligerent states censored any mention of influenza). The Spanish flu was one of the deadliest pandemics in the world as more than 50 to 100 million people died. The pandemic lasted until 1920.
Meanwhile, in 1918, the American Army took part in the fighting on the Western Front, which led to further victories for the Entente powers. Meanwhile, the Central Powers, despite the successes on the Eastern Front, began to be weak and this led to the fact that the Central Powers already began to surrender. Finally, World War I ended on 11 November 1918 with the victory of the Entente after the Armistice of Compiègne. After the end of World War I, a peace conference was held in Paris, which began in January 1919 and lasted until January 1920. During the Paris Peace Conference, in June 1919, one of the most important treaties, the Treaty of Versailles, was signed and became effective in January 1920. Even before the conference, Wilson created a program known as the Fourteen Points, which was largely unsuccessful. After the end of the Paris Peace Conference in January 1920, the League of Nations was established.
American soldiers in Vladivostok, August 1918.
Despite World War I having ended, the United States and other Entente powers entered the Russian Civil War on the side of the White movement. During the Russian Civil War, the United States intervened in the territory of present-day Russia that was occupied by the Russian Soviet Republic. Later, as the White movement successfully began to win battles against the Bolsheviks, the Entente powers began to withdraw from the war. The Russian Civil War ended on 18 December 1920 with the victory of the White movement.
Post-war period (1920-1966)[]

Citizens on Wall Street after the stock market crash, 29 October 1929.
On 18 August 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified, giving women the right to vote. After the end of World War I, the period known as the Roaring Twenties began, in which modernization and economic growth took place. However, the Roaring Twenties ended in October 1929 after the stock market crash in the United States which led to the beginning of the Great Depression. The United States was hit by the Great Depression. Many citizens lost their jobs and homes while banks failed. The United States slowly began to recover under the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt who introduced his reforms known as the New Deal. Although Roosevelt gained a lot of trust from the citizens, wealthy industrialists who were against Roosevelt planned a coup d'état in which Roosevelt was to be overthrown and Major General Smedley Butler would come to power, thus establishing a fascist dictatorship. however, the coup d'état never took place.

One of the main leaders of the African-American civil rights movement, Martin Luther King Jr., during his speech, 28 August 1963.
On 1 May 1934, an act relating to Philippine independence became effective. It was envisioned that the Philippines would be independent ten years from the effective date of the act, and during the existence of the Commonwealth of the Philippines there would be a transition to Philippine independence. The Philippines finally became an independent country on 4 July 1944. Meanwhile, in the early 1940s, the United States was recovering from the Great Depression. After the start of the Cold War in 1945, the United States remained neutral, although it largely supported the World Defense Alliance. In December 1947, the United States became a member of the League of Nations. From the 1950s, a non-violent civil rights movement for African Americans began in the United States. Finally, everything was resolved in December 1963, when the Civil Rights Act became effective, prohibiting segregation and giving African Americans equal citizenship.
World War II (1966-1969)[]

Japanese soldiers in Honolulu, August 1966.
On 21 July 1965, following growing tensions between Italy and Switzerland over Italian-speaking territory in Switzerland, Italy invaded Switzerland, which was later responded by some members of the World Defense Alliance by declaring war on the Fascist League, starting World War II. Similar to World War I, the United States declared neutrality, although it supported the World Defense Alliance. The United States did not enter the war until 1 August 1966, after Japan, which had entered the war in February of that year on the side of the Fascist League, invaded Hawaii without declaring war on the United States. The United States was not prepared for the surprise Japanese invasion of Hawaii, whereby Japan successfully occupied all of the Hawaiian Islands in early September of the same year. Later, the Japanese army landed on the southern coast of California where the Battle of Los Angeles began on 2 October. Japan's goal was to expand its influence in North America, where Japanese puppet states would be established, where the policy of Japanization would begin. The Battle of Los Angeles lasted until 27 October, with an American victory forcing the Japanese army out of Los Angeles. The Japanese army occupied parts of California until early November. After the Japanese military was pushed out of the United States, the American army began entering occupied Hawaii, which was fully liberated on 20 November.
(WIP)
Government and politics[]
The United States is a federal presidential republic. The head of state and head of government is the president (currently Elizabeth Warren). The President is elected for a four-year term (can be re-elected once) along with the Vice President (currently Dean Pfefer). The Vice President may replace the President if the President is unable to perform his duties.
Congress is bicameral, with the Senate and the House of Representatives.