United States of America (Vote Socialist)

United States of America
Timeline: Vote Socialist
OTL equivalent: United States Without the American Territories, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico
United States of AmericaTimeline: Vote Socialist ; OTL equivalent: United States Without the American Territories, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico
	Coat of arms
	Anthem: ; Star Spangled Banner;
	Location of United States of America (Vote Socialist)
Capital	Washington D.C.
Largest city	New York
Official languages	English, Spanish, Inuit, Various Native American Languages
Ethnic groups	70.6% European American, 16.3% Latin American, 12.6% African American, 4.6% Asian American, 3.1% Native American, 2.9% Biracial, 6.2% Other
Religion	Secularism
Demonym	American
Government	Federal Presidential Constitutional Socialist Republic
Legislature	Congress

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The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country comprising 49 states, a federal district, and one self-governing territory. At 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million km²), the United States is the world's third or fourth largest country by total area^[d] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe, which is 3.9 million square miles (10.1 million km²). With a population of over 327 million people, the U.S. is the third most populous country. The capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city is New York City. Most of the country is located contiguously in North America between Canada and Mexico.

Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast. Following the French and Indian War, numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775, and the Declaration of Independence in 1776. The war ended in 1783 with the United States becoming the first country to gain independence from a colonial empire. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, with the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, being ratified in 1791 to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century, acquiring new territories, displacing Native American tribes, and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848.

During the second half of the 19th century, the Civil War led to the abolition of slavery. By the end of the century, the United States had reached the Pacific Ocean,^[25] and its economy, driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution, began to soar. This led to what would be known as the Gilded Age, a thin coat of gold paint over deep societal problems. The political system was only democratic in name, with large political machines like Tammany Hall in New York City. These conditions eventually gave rise to a wave of resentment from the working classes who suffered under the system of political patronage. In the cities, the workers organized into labor unions like the Knights of Labor, Central Labor Union, and the more radical Western Federation of Miners (which would later form the nucleus of the International Workers of the World); in the country, the farmer's alliance coalesced in the mid west to oppose the exploitative practices of the big landowners and their politician friends. The labor movements would soon form political parties, and these parties would score victories in local elections. In 1886, Henry George of the Union Labor Party would be elected mayor of New York City, capturing the heart of the democratic party political machine. These groups would finally ally with each other to form the Socialist Party of America based on the ideals of socialism and shaped by the ideas of Karl Marx, Henry George, Daniel De Leon, and Edward Bellamy. The meteoric rise of the SPA would shift America's politics sharply to the left and would eventually lead to a radical restructuring of the American government in 1920 with the ascension of president William Z Foster and the new socialist constitution. Throughout the 20th century, America and the socialist powers would fight against the reactionary powers of Britain, Japan, and the German Empire in the Russian Civil War and World War II.

History[]

For Information - United States of America

Rise of Socialism and the First International[]

The International Workingmen's Association or First International was established as primary European organization but had also formed a branch in America. The First International was short-lived and split between Bakunin's anarchists and Marx's social democrats, European immigrants who had interacted with these socialist organisations brought the ideology over to America and soon groups like the Socialist Labor Party and the Central Labor Union. Soon, homegrown American strands of socialism were established, most notably by Henry George. George's book, Progress and Poverty, has sold more than millions of copies worldwide and is often remarked on as an American Classic. In 1886, George campaigned for mayor of New York for the United Labor Party, the organ of the local Central Labor Union. George's speeches were attended by entire neighbors and his pamphlets flooded the streets. The union membership swelled and George soon formed an informal militia to protect the workers from thugs hired by Tammany Hall, the local political machine. The Fall of Tammany Hall in the 1886 election would prove a historic turning point and a critical hit to the old order of political bosses and oligarchic patronage. George only one by a slim margin, and Tammany Hall continued to terrorize him. As mayor, George brought down the hand of the law on the politicians of Tammany Hall and used the courts and legal system to convict them of corruption. In reality the bosses could continue living normally they were just kicked out of politics. This blow to the leadership of the democratic party and George's cleaning up of New York would demonstrate the strength of Georgist economics. Marx in his life had criticized George and many European Marxist theorists had done the same, although many American Marxists took a different interpretation. The Georgists and Marxists were joined by a third group, the Utopian Socialists, These were clubs of intellectuals who discussed the work and followed the line of Utopian Socialist writers such as Ignatius L Donelly and Edward Bellamy, The Utopians preached an egalitarian, christian socialist, and ecological society with no leaders and eternal peace. In practice this became an ideal that one could unite the people through peace and without violence to establish a free society. At the convention of the Farmer's Alliance,, the Utopians attending supported a unified party with them and other regional farmer and labor groups. Ignatius L Donelly specifically proposed an "alliance between farmers and labor". This became the socialist party and was led by Henry George, who was leader due to being in the ideological compromise between the Utopians, Agrarians, and Marxists.

Rise of the Socialist Party[]

After a speech by Ignatius L Donelly, it was agreed that a party based on the economic interests of the working people - both urban and rural, must form to compete with the two bourgeous parties. Using his connections all over the country, Henry George helped found the SPA by absorbing various local organizations. Some of these local organizations, like the Marxist-Deleonist Socialist Labor Party, were significantly more radical and pushed the party to the left. In 1896, after the financial disasters of Grover Cleveland's reign, only the red states of the union were unaffected due to their social safety nets and that most large businesses had been nationalized. Politicians from across the political spectrum began advocating for more left-wing economics and Henry George, George would win the 1896 election and force the Democrats and Republicans into regional hubs. George's election would show the evolution of the American system, strengthening the executive and regionalizing the opposition.George's reforms would strengthen the United States and boost the popularity of his economic philosophy immensely. In the 1896 election, William Jennings Bryan would integrate conservative agrarianists and racist big farmers in the south into one party, known as the Democratic-Populist Party. When George was sworn in as President, both opposition parties supported some form of his reform;

Georgist Era (1896 - 1904)[]

Henry George's presidency was marked by sweeping and comprehensive reforms, as well as antitrust and anti-monopoly laws. Right wing landlords claimed that "George is waging a war on us!" due to George's land socialization policy.However, under William Jennings Bryan, the democratic-populist party copied many socialist economic policies in order to industrialize the south. George didn't run in the 1900 elections, but the elections were a close split between Roosevelt's New Nationalist Party, Bryan's Democratic-Progressive Party, and Debs' Social Democratic Federation. George would take power as an independent candidate and would use this to once again expand the power of the executive and to take control of the economy in order to implement Georgist reforms. Some criticized George as an inexperienced capitalist tyrant and became a faction opposing him. After George's sudden death in office of a stroke in 1904, the Georgist Era was brought to a close. George would be remembered as a social reformer who implemented women's suffrage and progressive tax reforms. William Lafayette Strong of New York City would continue on leading a Georgist faction in the Socialist Party of America which persists to this day. George would also be remembered fondly in Cuba, where founding father Jose Marti greatly admired him and George also led America to assist in their wars of independence. Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines all retained independence under Georgist America.

Debs Era (1904-1920)[]

In the aftermath of Henry George's death, Vice President and pacifist Eugene Debs would become President. Debs would enjoy popularity and would pursue and isolationist foreign policy, steering America clear of any involvement with either side. His attitude didn't change even when socialist rebels emerged, which led to Debs being booted from his own party in favor of the more "communist" William Z. Foster. Debs would remain a giant in politics whose followers still form a large political clique in American politics.

Foster Dictatorship (1920-1929)[]

After the election of William Z. Foster in 1920, most historians view the USA as transforming completely into a socialist nation in all but a few enclaves. The centralized council system which now elected officials and shared power with the mayors, governors, senators, etc. This led to intense regionalism where multiple factions of the same party would battle it out in councils and sometimes on the streets to secure alignment with the main party in Washington D.C. The 1919 General Strike had brought Foster to power and had led to the expropriation of much of the landlord's industries. In the states dominated by the SPA, a new democratic system evolved and the standard of living rose for everyone; in states dominated by the National Progressives, the assets seized were nationalized and a new nouveau riche class developed as technocrats and businessmen who made their money of this new source of income. The progressive liberal isolationist Hiram Johnson would dominate the American First Party and would dominate New England, California, and the South. La Follette and his Progressive Party would dominate Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the Great Lakes. Foster would retain the presidency with much of the popular vote through the councils. In 1928, Native American Charles Curtis and veteran and war hero Hanford Macnider run against Foster. Foster would maintain control, but the National Republican Party and Democratic Progressive Party succeeding in achieving their goals: Namely the intervention in Ireland against the British Empire, the paying of veteran's pensions, greater Indian rights, and the expansion of the military. By the 1929 financial crash, the National Republican Party had transformed into a new ideological nationalist party. After the death of influential vice president C.E. Ruthenberg in 1928, Jay Lovestone took over. Lovestone believed in a similar American exceptionalism to the National Republicans, and his leanings quickly divided the party. Foster was forced to step down in 1928 in favor of his vice president, Jay Lovestone and his new vice president Hanford Macnider.

Lovestone Dictatorship (1929-1932)[]

Jay Lovestone would limit American troops abroad and enter into a policy of isolationism, choosing not to intervene in Europe as tensions boiled over between the French and Germans over Alsace-Lorraine and simply vowed to protect Spain and Russia from attacks. Lovestone unlike Foster did not agree with Premier Trotsky's extreme militarism and sought to focus on peace and building socialism at home. Lovestone's government would be seen as increasingly chauvinistic and nationalist. In 1932, Lovestone would be ejected and would form the Progressive Labor Party from the Legion and part of the Socialists. Earl Browder and his Popular Front would succeed both the government and the leadership of the Socialist Party. Lovestone is seen by some far-left American political activists like Noam Chomsky as para-fascist (mimicking fascism to stabilize his own government like Belgian Reformist Henri De Man) but admired by some progressives and right-communists as a capable leader who took power in a time of trouble after Foster's downfall and stabilized the country. Lovestone is seen as one of the Three Dictators (the other two being Foster and Browder). Browder, Foster's arch-rival, would say this about Lovestone's rule: "He is actively attempting to create his own political machine, like that of the NSPD in Germany or of the Democrats' Tamammy Hall, in order to control the American people and secure power through bureaucratic means. In order to maintain the public perception of power he tries to fool us with empty nationalist slogans and chants urging us to make war on any nation that opposes us not for international democracy, but for the powerful military-industrial complex which works within the state owned enterprises with holdings abroad. It is time we used the power of the people to take this country back from its government. We must fight Foster as he attempts to warp the ideals of socialism into that of a totalitarian state where the ruling governmental class owns everything. Lovestone is effectively trying to turn socialism into capitalism so he can properly compete with the British in their games of war and Imperialism."

Popular Front (1932-1945)[]

In 1932, Earl Browder gained control of the leadership of the Socialist Party of America while Lovestone founded his own Progressive Labor Party which would dominate the south. Browder would keep him in check through his strategy of the popular front, a unification with all socialists and only pursuing programs which would be accepted by the majority. The Popular Front was strong between Browder and Roosevelt, although it broke down under Browder and Long. In the 1940, the Popular Front would have been minimized to purely the SPA and Browder would not receive the prerequisite of votes in order to become President. He would be voted in by the Senate but would be forced to have James P Cannon as Vice President. These last four years resulted in stagnation and the decline of Browderism. Browder would intervene in Canada in 1934, Spain in 1936, and Russia in 1941.

Browder's Downfall (1945-1947)[]

Main Article: Mimeograph Coup (Vote Socialist)

In 1945, Browder was humiliated in a series of corruption scandals and was impeached by Congress for his peace with the British Empire, and his agreement to respect British sovereignty over Northern Ireland. Browder had also been accused of secretly creating a dictatorship and for distorting the image of American Communism President Foster had been during the so-called "Foster Dictatorship". This group, known as the Militant Tendency, was led by Max Schachtman and James Cannon and traced their ideological foundations to Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, and Leon Trotsky. Trotsky himself aided the group from Russia and orchestrated a split in the SPA to form the Fourth-International aligned Socialist Workers Party to fully replace the old bureaucracy of the Socialist Party. Max Schachtman managed to recruit A.J. Muste, a powerful unionizer and leader of the recent Toledo Strike, to merge his own Workers Party of America with the Cannonites. Throughout the three years up to the 1948 elections, the Popular Front still ruled without Browder's Socialist Party. In 1947, Browder used his connections in the military to stage an attempted coup d'etat, the first in American history since the Business Plot in 1933. The coup is known as the Mimeograph Coup as it first gained momentum with the now disgraced Browder publishing a series of mimeographs first known as the Distributors Guide: Economic Analysis: A Service for Policy Makers which was targeted at businessmen and politicians with a vision of a Russian backed coup in which the American economy would be guided and engage in a world economic system with Russia and the other socialist powers. These mimeographs would be passed out in secret at dinner-parties and galas and eventually Browder would be holding clandestine meetings with his followers on the establishment of a Military Revolutionary Committee. Marine David M. Shoup founded the MRC and enlisted the support of many veterans and a few military officers, mostly from the marines. In 1947, after the Congress had formally voted to impeach Browder and the SWP had already split from the SPA. Even members of Browder's own party voted to impeach him and this spiked Browder's paranoia. Browder "purged" several members of his Communist Political Association for affiliating with politicians who had voted to impeach him. One of these men, young Trotskyite veteran Lyndon Larouche, had gone to the police after he was expelled and ended up testifying in the supreme court against Browder and his group. Larouche had been contacted by Browder to serve as an cannon-fodder in his revolutionary army due to his prior military experience on the Eastern Front in World War II. Browder would be convicted of treason and subsequently spent his exile in Russia. This was a great political victory for the Trotskyites.

The Great Split (1948)[]

In 1948, the Socialist Workers Party, the newly formed Trotskyitre breakaway of the Socialist Party, did not have enough votes to secure the presidency in the upcoming election and they knew it. Max Shachtman realized that even with Browder's exile, the SPA still had its foundation of Georgists and socialists backing it. Shachtman subsequently adopted a more social democratic ideology, arguing that in the US specifically workers should not pursue general strikes or other revolutionary measures. This was a move to garner the support of the old SPA and the Progressives led by Henry Wallace. Wallace was very charismatic and had a powerful hold on the middle of the country; Shachtman realized that if he allied with Wallace he'd only need to secure a few states. Wallace knew this and took advantage of the situation, asking Shachtman to ally with him. James Cannon was already the nominee for the SWP, and Shachtman was expelled for allying with the Progressives. Shachtman then returned to the SPA and was elected their nominee. Conservative Strom Thurmond had taken over the America First Party, advocating a new platform of regionalism and states' rights. Thurmond was not nearly as popular as Long, but he managed to control the solidly reactionary south as well as Texas. Because of the split between Cannon and the Shachtmanites and the latter's subsequent alliance with the Progressives, the left lost its decades long hold over government.

First Progressive Era: Henry A. Wallace (1948-1956) []

In 1948, Henry A Wallace would be elected President while Max Shachtman would his Vice President.Cannon's Socialist Worker's Party would secure nearly as many votes as Shachtman and many more votes as Wallace, but he was not elected due to the alliance between the SPA and Progressives. Cannon would be left in the opposition along with Strom Thurmond, who continued to dominate the south under the America First Party. The 1st Progressive Era is often seen as a reaction to the destruction of the far leftist government after Browder's attempted coup. In the 1952 election, former general Douglas Macarthur ran for President on a ticket of the American Party, a big tent right wing conservative group and the direct successor/rebranding of America First Party. Macarthur would win the popular vote but Wallace would once again be elected with the reluctant support of SPA leader Farell Dobbs and his VP Eric Hass. In 1956, reactionary parties won even more gains but fractured between the Christian Nationalist Party of Gerald L.K. Smith, the States Rights' Party of Harry F. Byrd, and the American Party now led by Dwight Eisenhower. In 1956, the American Party would win the elections of 1956 while political parties would become more numerous and regionalized.

Eisenhower Presidency (1956-1961)[]

Eisenhower was often known as the "General-President" and he primarily concerned himself with foreign issues. Eisenhower waged wars with the approval of congress and the UN on behalf of his allies, like the communists in Japan, Indians in the Raj, Viet Minh in Indochina, and Nasser in Egypt.Meanwhile, regional parties governed their sectors of America in vastly different ways, with the states sometimes acting more like individual entities than a federal state. Many states required border checks stricter than even some countries. Regional conflicts, usually small and mainly involving organized crime, would pop up around the country. In response to this, Estes Kefauver, a criminal prosecutor and senator who had solved many regional "wars" through government intervention, would found the Federalist Party (also known as the neo-federalist party) which advocated for peace abroad and a more federal as opposed to confederal system in the homeland. Like the original federalists, Kefauver and Kennedy supported centralization. However, they also supported progressive economic policies and civil rights. In the 1960 election the aging Eisenhower lost to the young Kennedy, who brought about a new era in American history.

2nd Progressive Era: John F. Kennedy, Nelson A. Rockefeller, Eugene McCarthy, and George McGovern (1960-1976)[]

In the 1960 election, Kennedy and his new federalist party quickly absorbed the remnants of other moderate parties and swept away the regionalists save for the states of Mississippi and Alabama. He was opposed by Eric Hass and his Socialist Party as well as Harry F Byrd and his States Rights Party. Kennedy and Hass agreed to an alliance as neither had quite enough votes, though Kennedy had more. In 1963, Kennedy was assassinated under suspicious circumstances by Lee Harvey Oswald, a Russian-American Marxist and suspected Browderist. Many suspect it was because of Kennedy's negative attitude toward Cuba, which had earned him the ire of the Socialist Workers Party. In the upcoming 1964 election, DeLeonist Eric Hass would be running against Barry Goldwater, who had united the remaining regionalists into a States Rights Party that opposed Eisenhower and now opposed communism especially after the assassination of Kennedy by a Marxist. Goldwater had claimed that Castro's Cuba had supported Oswald in the assassination along with "fringe Browderist groups and the Socialist Workers Party". In 1964, progressives and moderates en masse left the now decapitated federalist party to join the Radical Party of Nelson Rockefeller which advocated for liberalism, free trade, and moderate social welfare policies as well as tax cuts. Rockefeller is considered the height of reactionary power in America since the Gilded Age. Rockefeller continued the wars in Indochina, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Rhodesia, and Northern Ireland (to name a few) against the Imperial Powers. In 1968, a wave of revolutionary youth movements rose throughout the world in Germany, France, Britain, Czechoslovakia,and America. In America, this emerged with Jerry Rubin and his Peace and Freedom Party, which opposed the constant war and the conscription of American youth as well as these exercises of Imperialism. Rubin's comedic personality, connection with pop-culture icons, and libertarian socialist attitude would win him the states of California, Oklahoma, Massachusetts, and a bit of New York. Shachtman ran again in his triumphant return as leader of the SPA. The conservative nationalists (Dixiecrats) who had dominated the region previously were overthrown in a large scale protest movement known as the Civil Rights Movement led by Martin Luther King. King had developed an alliance with the church, a powerful group in the deeply religious south, and had founded the Christian Socialist Party based on the christian principles of equal rights, privileges, and freedom for all. The progressive Eugene McCarthy would still win the needed votes for Presidency and would fulfill the demands of both King and Shachtman. He would end the war in Vietnam through a peace treaty with the remaining powers that would be favorable to the Americans and Vietnamese. In 1972, George McGovern would be nominated by the Progressive Party, which would absorb the Radical Party.

Politics[]

Politics in America is largely based upon three major poles: Socialism, Progressivism, and Nationalism. At different times in American history, different ideological poles may be soley dominant while other times two poles may form a ruling coalition where they switch off between power. Currently in America, Berni Sanders is the President and he is considered a democratic socialist and proponent of New America, an ideology common across the American center which perceives of a social-democratic and progressive republic with cooperative economics and workplace democracy. Bernie is considered by some on the left ot be a progressive and some on the right to be a full-blown communist, especially as his presidency has brought about the continued popularity of the latter category. In the 2020 elections, Bernie is running against Progressive Elizabeth Warren and Progressive verging on Independent Andrew Yang. Yang is the most popular right wing candidate and is suspected to seek his own party that he would build from conservative, libertarian, and georgist remnants. Kshama Sawant, leader of the Socialist Alternative, a Trotskyite-Cannonist party based in Seattle. Martin Luther King III uses his political prestige and connections to win over much of the south and the most of the black population of America as well as the Christian Mormons. King III controls the Christian Socialist Party, which many have described as third way and syncretic. Radical Communist Bob Avakian said of the CSP, "These days under the third King of the South the Christian Socialists are all the more Christian and all the less Socialist."

Elections[]

Foreign Policy[]

United States Foreign Policy has been dominated by two different major strains of thought, isolationism and interventionism. Originally, interventionists were proponents of free trade and believed in foreign intervention for the sake of American interests and nationalism. These were William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt, who believed in expansion of the military in order to intervene in foreign conflicts and assert American dominance. McKinley advocated for an annexation of Hawaii, Cuba, and Puerto Rico while Roosevelt advocated for an Imperialist policy that he had developed from his war with the Indian people. The Socialist Party had been dominated by pacifists since the time of Eugene Debs, but these later coalesced around the Peace and Freedom Party. Debs and his left-wing socialists would often prove the congressional road block between Roosevelt and these more imperialist policies. The Isolationists also had some nationalists, such as progressive William Borah, as well as pacifist isolationists on the left like Eugene Debs.

Interventionism[]

In

Spanish-American-War — Painting of the Spanish-American War, a Prime Example of Interventionism

1898, during the presidency of Henry George, Cuban, Filipino, and Puerto Rican revolutionaries felt much sympathy from the American public and government. Cuban revolutionary Jose Marti particularly had the support George and his followers. George would secure an alliance with right wing war hawks such as William Randolph Hearst in order to launch an intervention into the Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Filipino wars of independence. This is known in America as the Spanish-American War and in Spain as the War of '98. It resulted in the establishment of America as a world power and the expansion of the American military. Henry George also used the war as a political move to establish his doctrine of "Revolutionary Internationalism" in which it was any military power's duty to aid in any just revolution. George's new policy would drive a wedge in European relations, as the European Empires feared America would instill a revolution in their colonies. Britain's fears would come true in Canada and Ireland. With the election of William Z. Foster in 1920, a new policy of socialist militarism and proletarian internationalism was developed. This was essentially George's earlier policy with a more socialist garb. This policy attracted right wing conservatives who were former supporters of the Nationalist Party of Theodore Roosevelt and Foster would use this to exercise American military power through lend leases, military training, and advisory to nascent revolutionary states. This included strategic support of Spain in their attempt to take Gibraltar from Britain by inciting a working class uprising in the wake of the British supported Franco Rebellion, which was put down with the help of the US. Franco had been supported by the Germans, French, and British in his uprising in 1936. His base in Africa was invaded by American Marines, who also sent troops to reinforce Madrid and effectively saved the Spanish Republic. The American presence would also intervene in Spanish politics, supporting the PCE and the CNT against the PSOE and Republican Left who sought to take full control of the government. American marine Smedley Butler was particularly important in convincing Buenaventura Durruti to speak out against the government now that Franco had been defeated and ensuring him he had the support of the Americans. America would use its connections in Spain to establish an alliance with Socialist Italy and the Republic of Ireland. Ireland already had support of several private groups of Irish Americans and even the covert support of the US in the form of arms shipments to the Irish Republican Brotherhood and later the IRA. Earl Browder and the Popular Front were initially against intervening in the central European conflict but he jumped to support China against Japan and to liberate Hawaii, which had been occupied in World War I. America and Russia together used their far reaching foreign influence to strengthen their favored factions in certain country. When Chiang Kai Shek would try to purge the communists of the main military academy, America supported Hu Hanmin and Wang Jingwei to overthrow him and execute the right KMT. Hu Hanmin was an extraordinary guerrilla tactician and used his prowess to coordinate with the Americans and defeat the Japanese. In the modern world, American interventionism extends to supporting the ANC in South Africa, the Algerian National Liberation Front, the Brazilian Communist Party, Canadian Communists, and the Militant Tendency within the British Labor Party (which has often been lampooned as a foreign spy organisation by British conservatives).

Isolationism[]

Isolationism was originally a policy of right wing nationalists like the Know Nothings as well as moderate conservatives such as William Borah. Borah would eventually lead his party under the banner of progressive pacificsm and diplomacy as opposed to war. Borah did this to oppose President Foster's overzealous military spending and outward focus. Borah had said, "I think [Foster] is rallying up the masses for one war of liberation after a next and making a spectacle of people's suffering. He's gott'em under his spell once he sticks a couple marines in their capital and suddenly they do what we say. [Foster's] America is no different from the German in this way." On the other side of Borah were the leftist pacifists under Eugene Debs who opposed world war I as they viewed it as an imperialist war. However, Debs' stance grew weaker as Foster began intervening more in conflicts involving socialists in order to claim a cause of proletarian internationalism. In the modern day, the Eugene Debs Club of the Socialist Party is a pacifist group that advocated for the end of sanctions against Poland, Germany, Romania, Hungary, and Britain who were being crushed by America's worldwide alliance system. Bernie Sanders, a Vermont Jew and Progressive Socialist, emerged as leader of the Debs Club and is currently the President of the United States. Sanders has withdrawn troops from Syria, Iraq, and India. Sanders has also made peace with China and has promised to cease support of the 2019 Hong Kong Worker's Uprising.

The Logo of the Newly Formed Peace and Freedom

The Peace and Freedom Party is a recently formed party based in California and largely centered around a mass youth movement. The party is radically libertarian socialist and is a firm strike against the old progressives who historically dominated California. The Peace and Freedom Party never wins enough to influence the government, however the party does win control over several states and can often take part in the election of a President. The PFP has largely supported Sanders in his peace-making policies except some more radical members of the party support the rioters in Hong Kong and are angry that Sanders isn't supporting them, after all the US had installed the Left Nationalist Government that had resulted in Hong Kong being oppressed.