| |||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Vatican City | ||
| Language official |
Italian | ||
| others | Latin | ||
| Pope | Francis | ||
| President of the Governorate | Cardinal Giuseppe Bertello | ||
| Area | 0.44 km² | ||
| Population | 842 | ||
| Independence | 1929 (from Italy, by treaty) | ||
| Currency | Vatican lira | ||
The only nation on earth which is both an absolute monarchy and an absolute theocracy, Vatican City is distinct from the Holy See, which dates back to early Christianity and is the main episcopal see of 1.2 billion Latin and Eastern Catholic adherents around the globe. The independent city-state, on the other hand, came into existence in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy, which spoke of it as a new creation, not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756–1870), which had previously encompassed much of central Italy. According to the terms of the treaty, the Holy See has "full ownership, exclusive dominion, and sovereign authority and jurisdiction" over the city-state.
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