| Republic of Vietnam Việt-Nam Cộng-hòa Timeline: Differently | ||||||
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| Motto: Tổ-quốc – Danh-dự – Trách-nhiệm "Fatherland – Honor – Duty" |
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| Anthem: Tiếng gọi thanh niên "Call to the Citizens" |
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 Location of Vietnam (green)
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| Capital (and largest city) | Saigon | |||||
| Official languages | Vietnamese | |||||
| Religion | Buddhism | |||||
| Government | Unitary presidential republic | |||||
| - | President | Nguyễn Xuân Phúc | ||||
| - | Vice President | Nguyễn Đan Quế | ||||
| Legislature | National Assembly | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| Establishment | ||||||
| - | Independence from China | 1 February 939 | ||||
| - | First empire | 968 | ||||
| - | Name "Vietnam" | 1804 | ||||
| - | Protectorate treaty | 25 August 1883 | ||||
| - | Declaration of independence | 25 September 1943 | ||||
| - | North-South division | 30 November 1953 | ||||
| - | End of Vietnam War | 15 January 1973 | ||||
| - | Reunification | 21 August 1973 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 331,698 km2 128,069 sq mi |
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| Population | ||||||
| - | Estimate | 94,569,072 (17th) | ||||
| Currency | đồng | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
Vietnam or Viet-Nam (Vietnamese: Việt Nam), officially the Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Việt-Nam Cộng-hòa), is a country in the eastern Indochinese Peninsula. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west and bounded by the South China Sea on the east. Its capital and largest city is Saigon. Other large urban areas include Hanoi, Haiphong, and Da Nang.
With a population of over 94 million inhabitants, Vietnam is the world's 17th-most populous country, ranking 8th in Asia. Its area of 331,698 square kilometers makes it the world's 74th-largest country and Asia's 17th.
Archaeological excavations indicate that Vietnam was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic age. The ancient Vietnamese nation was annexed by China in the 2nd century BC, which subsequently made Vietnam a division of China for over a millennium. The first independent monarchy emerged in the 10th century AD. This paved the way for successive imperial dynasties as the nation expanded geographically southward until the Indochinese Peninsula saw French colonisation in the mid-19th century. Modern Vietnam was born upon the Proclamation of Independence from France in 1944, when separatists took advantage of a weakened France to instigate a rebellion. Following Vietnamese victory against the French in the First Indochina War, which ended in 1953, the nation broke into two rival states: the communist North and the anti-communist South. Conflicts intensified in the Vietnam War, which saw extensive Chinese intervention in support of South Vietnam and ended with South Vietnamese victory in 1973.
After North and South Vietnam were reunified under an American-style presidential republic, a series of economic and political reforms that facilitated Vietnamese integration into world politics and the global economy were initiated. As a result of the successful reforms, Vietnam has enjoyed a high GDP growth rate, consistently ranked among the fastest-growing countries in the world. Vietnam is now a developed country and is among the most advanced democracies with the highest level of press freedom in Asia and the world.
Politics[]
The President serves as both head of state and head of government, elected through direct popular vote for a six-year term, with a two-term limit. The executive branch includes a cabinet of ministers appointed by the President with legislative approval.
The National Assembly (Quốc Hội) serves as the unicameral legislature of Vietnam, consisting of 500 representatives elected directly by the people. Members serve four-year terms and are elected through a mixed system combining district-based representation with proportional representation. The National Assembly holds primary legislative power, including the authority to pass laws, approve the national budget, and oversee government operations.
The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices. The Chief Justice is nominated by the President and confirmed by the National Assembly, serving a ten-year term. Associate Justices, also requiring presidential nomination and legislative confirmation, serve eight-year terms. The Court operates through specialized chambers dedicated to different areas of law: Constitutional, Civil, Criminal, Administrative, and Economic.
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