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Bratstvo i jedinstvo (Serbo-Croatian) ("Brotherhood and unity") | |||||||
| Anthem | "Himna Kraljevine Jugoslavije" | ||||||
| Capital | Sarajevo | ||||||
| Largest city | Belgrade | ||||||
| Language official |
Serbo-Croatian (de facto) | ||||||
| others | Albanian, Macedonian, Slovene | ||||||
| Religion main |
Catholics and Eastern Orthodox | ||||||
| others | Lutherans, Sunni Muslims | ||||||
| Ethnic Groups main |
Yugoslavs | ||||||
| others | Albanians, Macedonians, Slovenes | ||||||
| Demonym | Yugoslav • Yugoslavian | ||||||
| Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy | ||||||
| Legislature | Federal Assembly | ||||||
| King | Alexander II | ||||||
| Royal house: | House of Karađorđević | ||||||
| Prime Minister | Ana Brnabić (JDS) | ||||||
| Area | 256,696 km² | ||||||
| Population | 20,726,911 | ||||||
| Currency | Dinar (din.) (YUD)
| ||||||
| Time Zone | CET (UTC+01:00)
| ||||||
| summer | CEST (UTC+02:00)
| ||||||
| Driving Side | Right | ||||||
| Electricity | 230 V, 50 Hz | ||||||
| Plug Types | C, F | ||||||
| Calling Code | +38 | ||||||
| Internet TLD | .yu | ||||||
| Organizations |  Craiova Group Non-Aligned Movement Russkoslovie (observer) United Nations
| ||||||
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија), colloquially known as Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija, Југославија) is a sovereign state located in the Balkans of Southern Europe. The nation is bordered by Austria and Hungary in the north; Bulgaria and Romania in the east; Albania and Greece in the south; and Italy in the west. Sarajevo is the capital and seat of government, while Belgrade is the largest city and seat of the royal family.
History[]
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was established on December 1, 1918, with the unification of the Kingdom of Serbia and the Croat, Slovene, and Serb territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Despite the support for a Yugoslav state, ethnic and political tensions would rise during the 1920s and reach its climate with the assassination of Croat politicians by a Serb in June 1928.
On January 6, 1929, King Alexander I used the ongoing crisis as justification for abolishing the constitution and establishing a dictatorship headed by himself. Under his direct control, Alexander I proclaimed new laws to promote a single Yugoslav identity. Among these included formally adopting the name "Yugoslavia," promoting a single Yugoslav language and writing system, and only allowing for a single Yugoslav ethnic group (instead of Croats, Serbs, Slovenes, etc.).
During a state visit to France on October 9, 1934, an assassination attempt was made on Alexander I. Though injured in the attempt, the subsequent scuffle with French police would result in the death of French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou. The assassination attempt would help bolster the king's dwindling popularity among Yugoslavs, especially after leaked photos revealed the king had a double-headed eagle tattooed on his chest.
Josip Broz Tito (1961).
On the outbreak of World War II, Yugoslavia would fully side with the Allies. Shortly afterward, Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the Axis Powers. The Independent State of Croatia would be established in northern Yugoslavia. The Ustaše-led government (with the blessing of Berlin and Rome) would use the opportunity to seek revenge on the Serb and Yugoslav communities.
The Yugoslav Partisans (headed by Josip Broz Tito) would form the main resistance force in Yugoslavia and would successfully repeal the Axis by the end of the war. Despite an attempt to re-establish the kingdom (with Alexander I abdicating in favor of his son, Peter), a communist republic would be established in late 1945. Domestically, Tito and the communists would continue supporting a single Yugoslav identity. This was done so to counteract the de facto partition of Germany into six separate nations by the 1960s, as well as a lingering hatred towards the Croats and their crimes backed by the Ustaše regime. To ease ethnic tensions, Yugoslavia became a federation of "socialist republics" and the capital was formally moved from Belgrade to the more central and ethnically diverse city of Sarajevo.
Internationally, Yugoslavia would side with the Eastern Bloc during the early years of the Cold War. Despite both being communist leaders, relations between Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union and the more liberal-mined Josip Broz Tito quickly became sour. The USSR would officially snub Yugoslavia during the late 1940s. Though relations would improve following the death of Stalin in 1953, Yugoslavia would become the only communist state to remain out of the Soviet sphere. Tito and Yugoslavia would take the lead in forming the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961. One of the early signators was President Vasily Kadashev of Alaska, who would work with neutral Yugoslavia to establish close relations between the two. Alaskan investment and influence would later help Yugoslavia to gain favors from the United States and Europe. Due to both being the only Slavic nations to remain out of the Soviet sphere, both nations gained the nickname "the Two Slaviankas" (Russian: два славянки, dva slavyanki; Serbo-Croatian: dve slovenki, две словенки).
King Alexander II of Yugoslavia (2018).
After the death of Josip Broz Tito on May 4, 1980, the communist government of Yugoslavia would continue for another decade. During this time, Yugoslavia became the first communist state to join the global market, helping to bring in more money for the nation. With the collapse of the communist regimes by 1990 and the subsequent breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, Yugoslavia would also transition into a fully democratic republic. While the transition was mostly peaceful, riots and political infighting raised doubt about the future of the federation. Serious talks began on the restoration of the monarchy in the early 1990s. Crown Prince Alexander was allowed to return in 1991 and would actively support the restoration.
In late 1995, the Federal Assembly approved a constitutional convention and referendum. The new Kingdom of Yugoslavia would become a constitutional monarchy, with the king mostly serving as a ceremonial role. The nation would remain a federation, with the republics being reorganized into banates. The legislature and official capital would remain in Sarajevo, but the Royal Palace in Dedinje, Belgrade, would remain the monarchical capital. The referendum was held in 1998, with a majority of Yugoslavs favoring the move. The kingdom was officially restored in 1999. Efforts to restore the old monarchies also occurred Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania.
Administration Divisions[]
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia is a federation comprised of eight banates (Serbo-Croatian: banovine, бановине) and two administrative cities. Prior to the restoration of the monarchy in 1999, the banates were called republics (and called socialist republics during the Cold War).
- Banates
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Banja Luka)- Croatia (Zagreb)
- Kosovo and Metohija (Pristina)
- Macedonia (Skopje)
- Montenegro (Podgorica)
- Serbia (Kragujevac)
- Slovenia (Ljubljana)
- Vojvodina (Novi Sad)
- Administrative Cities
